155569-91-8 Emamectin benzoate 4''-Epimethylamino-4''-deoxyavermectin B1a and B1b benzoates Avermectin B1, 4''-deoxy-4''-(methylamino)-, (4''R)-, benzoate (1:1) DTXSID0034566 GO:1902710 GO GABA receptor complex CHEBI:17996 CHEBI chloride PR:Q94900 PR glutamate-gated chloride channel (fruit fly) D009026 MESH mortality GO:0050805 GO negative regulation of synaptic transmission GO:0060080 GO inhibitory postsynaptic potential NBO:0000079 NBO feeding behavior GO:1902476 GO chloride transmembrane transport GO:0005254 GO chloride channel activity MP:0000753 MP paralysis 1 WIKI increased 2 WIKI decreased Emamectin benzoate 2016-11-29T18:42:26 2016-11-29T18:42:26 WikiUser_22 all species 33208 NCBI Animals 6239 NCBI nematode WCS_35525 common ecological species Daphnia magna Increased Mortality Population <p><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="color:black">Increased mortality refers to an increase in the number of individuals dying in an experimental replicate group or in a population over a specific period of time.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:start"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="color:#212529"><span style="background-color:white">Mortality of animals is generally observed as cessation of the heart beat, breathing (gill or lung movement) and locomotory movements. Mortality is typically measured by observation. Depending on the size of the organism, instruments such as microscopes may be used. The reported metric is mostly the mortality rate: the number of deaths in a given area or period, or from a particular cause.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:start"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="color:#212529"><span style="background-color:white">Depending on the species and the study setup, mortality can be measured:</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <ul> <li><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="color:#212529"><span style="background-color:white">in the lab by recording mortality during exposure experiments</span></span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="color:#212529"><span style="background-color:white">in dedicated setups simulating a realistic situation such as mesocosms or drainable ponds for aquatic species</span></span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="color:#212529"><span style="background-color:white">in the field, for example by determining age structure after one capture, or by capture-mark-recapture efforts. The latter is a method commonly used in ecology to estimate an animal population&#39;s size where it is impractical to count every individual.</span></span></span></span></span></li> </ul> <p>All living things are susceptible to mortality.</p> Moderate Unspecific High All life stages High AOPWiki 2016-11-29T18:41:24 2022-07-08T07:32:26 Increased, Neuronal synaptic inhibition Cellular CL:0000540 CL neuron AOPWiki 2016-11-29T18:41:28 2017-09-16T10:16:59 Increased, Inhibitory postsynaptic potential Cellular CL:0000540 CL neuron AOPWiki 2016-11-29T18:41:28 2017-09-16T10:16:59 Inhibition, Feeding Individual <p><em>Inhibition of feeding is caused by appetite suppression from brain signals, a reduced ability to capture prey, increased lethargy, and reduction in locomotion activity (McDonald 2017).</em></p> <p><em>Inhibition of feeding is measured in the short-term by decreased consumption of available food by weight of food ingested, and for extended periods by decreased weight gain or weight loss</em>.</p> <p><em>Life Stage: All life stages.</em></p> <p><br /> <em>Sex: Applies to both males and females.</em></p> <p><br /> <em>Taxonomic: Animals.</em><br /> &nbsp;</p> High Unspecific Moderate All life stages High <p><em>McDonald, M.D. &nbsp;2017. &nbsp;An AOP analysis of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for fish. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part C-Toxicology and Pharmacology 197: 19&ndash;31.</em></p> <p><br /> <em>NOTE: Italics indicate edits from John Frisch January 2025.</em><br /> &nbsp;</p> AOPWiki 2016-11-29T18:41:28 2025-01-14T10:26:08 Increased, Chloride conductance Cellular CL:0000540 CL neuron AOPWiki 2016-11-29T18:41:26 2017-09-16T10:16:11 Activation, Glutamate-gated chloride channels Molecular CL:0000540 CL neuron AOPWiki 2016-11-29T18:41:28 2017-09-16T10:16:59 Induction, pharyngeal muscle paralysis Tissue UBERON:0000933 UBERON pharyngeal muscle AOPWiki 2016-11-29T18:41:28 2017-09-16T10:17:00 AOPWiki 2016-11-29T18:41:36 2016-12-03T16:38:02 AOPWiki 2016-11-29T18:41:36 2016-12-03T16:38:02 AOPWiki 2016-11-29T18:41:36 2016-12-03T16:38:02 AOPWiki 2016-11-29T18:41:36 2016-12-03T16:38:02 AOPWiki 2016-11-29T18:41:36 2016-12-03T16:38:02 AOPWiki 2016-11-29T18:41:36 2016-12-03T16:38:02 GluCl activation leading to mortality Knut Erik Tollefsen <p>You Song¹, Knut Erik Tollefsen^1,2 </p><p>¹Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Section of Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment, Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway </p><p>²Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Science and Technology, Department of Environmental Sciences (IMV). P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway </p><p>Contact: knut.erik.tollefsen@niva.no </p> BY-SA 1.0 <p>Increased mortality is one of the most common regulatory assessment endpoints,&nbsp;along with reduced growth and reduced reproduction.</p> adjacent Not Specified Not Specified adjacent Not Specified Not Specified adjacent Not Specified Not Specified adjacent Not Specified Not Specified adjacent Not Specified Not Specified adjacent Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified AOPWiki 2016-11-29T18:41:17 2023-04-29T16:02:58