591-35-5VPOMSPZBQMDLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-NVPOMSPZBQMDLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
3,5-DichlorophenolPhenol, 3,5-dichloro-
1-Hydroxy-3,5-dichlorobenzene
3,5-Dichlorphenol
3,5-diclorofenol
NSC 60649
DTXSID202500651-28-5UFBJCMHMOXMLKC-UHFFFAOYSA-NUFBJCMHMOXMLKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
2,4-DinitrophenolDNP
1,3-Dinitro-4-hydroxybenzene
1-Hydroxy-2,4-dinitrobenzene
2,4-dinitrofenol
Aldifen
Dinitrophenol
DINITROPHENOL, 2,4-
Dinofan
Fenoxyl Carbon N
NSC 1532
Phenol, α-dinitro-
UN 1320
UN 1599
α-Dinitrophenol
Phenol, 2,4-dinitro-
DTXSID002052387-86-5IZUPBVBPLAPZRR-UHFFFAOYSA-NIZUPBVBPLAPZRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PentachlorophenolPCP
Phenol, pentachloro-
1-Hydroxy-2,3,4,5,6-pentachlorobenzene
1-Hydroxypentachlorobenzene
Chlorophenasic acid
CHLOROPHENATE
Dowicide EC 7
Dura Treet II
Fungifen
Grundier Arbezol
Lauxtol
Liroprem
NSC 263497
Penchlorol
Pentachlorphenol
Perchlorophenol
Permasan
Phenol, 2,3,4,5,6-pentachloro-
Pole topper
Pole topper fluid
Preventol P
Santophen 20
Satophen
UN 3155
Witophen P
Woodtreat A
2,3,4,5,6-Pentachlorophenol
DTXSID70211063380-34-5XEFQLINVKFYRCS-UHFFFAOYSA-NXEFQLINVKFYRCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Triclosan5-Chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol
Phenol, 5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-
2, 4, 4'-Trichloro-2'-hydroxydiphenylether
2,2'-Oxybis(1',5'-dichlorophenyl-5-chlorophenol)
2,4,4'-TRICHLORO-2'-HYDROXY DIPHENYLETHER
2',4',4-Trichloro-2-hydroxydiphenyl ether
2',4,4'-Trichloro-2-hydroxydiphenyl ether
2,4,4'-Trichloro-2'-hydroxydiphenyl ether
2'-Hydroxy-2,4,4'-trichlorodiphenyl ether
2-Hydroxy-2',4,4'-trichlorodiphenyl ether
3-Chloro-6-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol
4-Chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl 2,4-dichlorophenyl ether
5-Chloro-2-(2', 4'-dichlorophenoxy) phenol
Aquasept
Bacti-Stat soap
Cansan TCH
DIPHENYL ETHER, 2,4,4'-TRICHLORO-2'-HYDROXY-
Irgacare MP
Irgacide LP 10
Irgaguard B 1000
Irgaguard B 1325
Irgasan
Irgasan CH 3565
Irgasan DP 30
Irgasan DP 300
Irgasan DP 3000
Irgasan DP 400
Irgasan PE 30
Irgasan PG 60
Microban Additive B
Microban B
Oletron
Phenol, 5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)
Phenol, 5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-, dihydrogen phosphate
Sanitized XTX
Sapoderm
SterZac
Tinosan AM 100
Tinosan AM 110
TRICLOSAM
Ultra Fresh NM 100
Ultrafresh NM-V 2
Vinyzene DP 7000
Yujiexin
Zilesan UW
DTXSID5032498518-82-1RHMXXJGYXNZAPX-UHFFFAOYSA-NRHMXXJGYXNZAPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Emodin9,10-Anthracenedione, 1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methyl-
1,3,8-trihidroxi-6-metilantraquinona
1,3,8-Trihydroxy-6-methyl-9,10-anthraquinone
1,3,8-Trihydroxy-6-methylanthrachinon
1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthraquinone
1,6,8-Trihydroxy-3-methylanthraquinone
3-Methyl-1,6,8-trihydroxyanthraquinone
4,5,7-Trihydroxy-2-methylanthraquinone
Anthraquinone, 1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methyl-
Frangula emodin
Frangulic acid
NSC 408120
NSC 622947
Rheum emodin
Schuttgelb
DTXSID502523110537-47-0MZOPWQKISXCCTP-UHFFFAOYSA-NMZOPWQKISXCCTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
MalonobenDTXSID1042106CHEBI:15422ATPUBERON:0000468multicellular organismGO:0006754ATP biosynthetic processGO:0040007growth2decreased3,5-Dichlorophenol2017-10-10T07:47:332017-10-10T07:47:332,4-Dinitrophenol2016-11-29T18:42:272016-11-29T18:42:27Carbonyl cyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone2020-11-12T17:59:282020-11-12T17:59:28Carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone2020-11-12T17:59:472020-11-12T17:59:47Pentachlorophenol2020-11-12T17:59:122020-11-12T17:59:12Triclosan2020-11-12T18:00:072020-11-12T18:00:07Emodin2020-11-20T13:48:582020-11-20T13:48:58Malonoben2020-11-27T14:43:472020-11-27T14:43:47WCS_9606human10116rat10090mouseWCS_7955zebrafishWCS_90988fathead minnowWCS_4472Lemna minorWCS_35525Daphnia magnaWCS_4470Lemna gibbaIncrease, Uncoupling of photophosphorylationIncrease, Uncoupling of photophosphorylationCellular2017-10-10T07:48:222017-10-10T07:48:22Decrease, ATP productionDecrease, ATP productionCellular2017-10-10T07:49:232021-04-11T17:36:16Decrease, Chlorophyll synthesisDecrease, Chlorophyll synthesisCellular2017-10-10T07:50:112017-10-10T07:50:11Decrease, Light harvest capacityDecrease, Light harvest capacityCellular2017-10-10T07:50:522017-10-10T07:50:52Decrease, PhotosynthesisDecrease, PhotosynthesisCellular2017-10-10T07:51:342017-10-10T07:51:34Decrease, GlycolysisDecrease, GlycolysisCellular2017-10-10T07:52:022017-10-10T07:52:02Decrease, Oxidative phosphorylationDecrease, OXPHOSCellular<p>Oxidative phosphorylation is the process in which reducing equivalents (NADH, FADH2) produced from catabolism of carbohydrates or fatty acid are further metabolised in the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) to produce ATP. This is done by a set of enzymes that responsible for building a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane that allows ATP production by the ATP synthase. When this chain is interrupted (e.g. interference by ROS, dissipation of the proton gradient, loss of integrity of the mitochondrial membranes), oxidative phosphorylation is decreased and ATP production by this means is impaired.</p>
<p>The dissipation of the proton gradient results in a loss of the highly negative mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and a depletion of ATP. When the ETC is blocked, a decrease in O2 consumption rate can also be observed, as O2 is consumed to pump the protons into the intermembrane space of the mitochondria.</p>
<p>The MMP can be studied with mitochondrial dyes (e.g. JC-1, rhodamine 123) (Sakamuru et al. 2012), extracellular lactate reflects an increase in glycolytic rate (colorimetric assay) which can compensate for the low ATP production in the mitochondria (Limonciel et al. 2011) and O2 consumption can now be finely measured using the Seahorse device from Agilent (Abe et al. 2010)</p>
<p>Abe, Yoshifusa et al. 2010. “Bioenergetic Characterization of Mouse Podocytes.” American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology 299(2):C464-76. Retrieved December 5, 2017 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20445170).</p>
<p>Limonciel, A. et al. 2011. “Lactate Is an Ideal Non-Invasive Marker for Evaluating Temporal Alterations in Cell Stress and Toxicity in Repeat Dose Testing Regimes.” Toxicology in Vitro 25(8).</p>
<p>Sakamuru, Srilatha et al. 2012. “Application of a Homogenous Membrane Potential Assay to Assess Mitochondrial Function.” Physiological Genomics 44(9):495–503. Retrieved December 5, 2017 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22433785).</p>
2017-10-10T07:52:532018-12-20T10:16:31Decrease, Mitochondrial ATP productionDecrease, Mitochondrial ATP productionCellularCL:0000255eukaryotic cell2016-11-29T18:41:222017-09-16T10:14:40Decrease, Leaf cell mitosisDecrease, Leaf cell mitosisTissue2017-10-10T07:53:532017-10-10T07:53:53Decrease, Leaf developmentDecrease, Leaf developmentOrgan2017-10-10T07:54:172017-10-10T07:54:17Decrease, GrowthDecrease, GrowthIndividual<p style="text-align:justify">Decreased growth refers to a reduction in size and/or weight of a tissue, organ or individual organism. Growth is normally controlled by growth factors and mainly achieved through cell proliferation (Conlon 1999).</p>
<p style="text-align:justify">Growth can be indicated by measuring weight, length, total volume, and/or total area of a tissue, organ or individual organism. </p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><strong><em>Taxonomic applicability domain</em></strong></p>
<p style="text-align:justify">This key event is in general applicable to all eukaryotes.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify"> </p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><strong><em>Life stage applicability domain</em></strong></p>
<p style="text-align:justify">This key event is applicable to early life stages such as embryo and juvenile.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify"> </p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><strong><em>Sex applicability domain</em></strong></p>
<p style="text-align:justify">This key event is sex-unspecific.</p>
HighUnspecificHighEmbryoHighJuvenileModerateModerateModerateHighHighHighModerate<p style="text-align:justify"><!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
field-begin'></span><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>ADDIN EN.REFLIST <span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span><![endif]-->Conlon I, Raff M. 1999. Size control in animal development. <em>Cell</em> 96:235-244. DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80563-2.</p>
<p><!--[if supportFields]><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:等线;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA'><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></p>
2018-05-24T15:24:112022-07-06T07:36:5036195282-8c3e-4c67-becc-55e5963dd7795e18759b-5c95-4330-99c3-23dd802e0a302017-10-10T07:58:582017-10-10T07:58:585e18759b-5c95-4330-99c3-23dd802e0a30abf72e64-bcf6-4bff-972e-502d39ad78e42017-10-10T07:59:232017-10-10T07:59:23abf72e64-bcf6-4bff-972e-502d39ad78e42d88c564-551e-4e1d-9485-7922e2773f992017-10-10T07:59:422017-10-10T07:59:422d88c564-551e-4e1d-9485-7922e2773f99c956c365-c439-4aa3-88de-bc36da18d5d32017-10-10T07:59:572017-10-10T07:59:57c956c365-c439-4aa3-88de-bc36da18d5d358cbf80f-4a71-479f-b1ce-87f3ee9adeb52017-10-10T08:00:152017-10-10T08:00:1558cbf80f-4a71-479f-b1ce-87f3ee9adeb5cd944641-6389-4fc9-afdc-4d217f181fbc2017-10-10T08:00:292017-10-10T08:00:29cd944641-6389-4fc9-afdc-4d217f181fbc4336bdd7-05b8-42db-bb19-e00cb87cd0092017-10-10T08:00:412017-10-10T08:00:414336bdd7-05b8-42db-bb19-e00cb87cd00969c8a107-8434-4e48-a932-3511db0755122017-10-10T08:00:562017-10-10T08:00:5669c8a107-8434-4e48-a932-3511db075512db1351c7-ce1d-485e-adcd-df9fc7a2c98d2017-10-10T08:01:112017-10-10T08:01:11db1351c7-ce1d-485e-adcd-df9fc7a2c98d1048582b-44ab-4c7b-a071-91bbe91587862021-02-16T05:59:282021-02-16T05:59:28Reduction in photophosphorylation leading to growth inhibition in aquatic plantsReduction in photophosphorylation leading to growth inhibition in aquatic plants<p>You Song, Li Xie, Knut Erik Tollefsen</p>
<p>Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA)</p>
<p>Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Contact: ket@niva.no</p>
Under development: Not open for comment. Do not cite<p>Uncouplers of photophosphorylation have been identified as portent growth inhibitors of primer producers (e.g. aquatic plants) in aquatic ecosystem. This AOP causally links the uncoupling of photophosphorylation by organic compounds (e.g. 3,5-dichlorophenol) as the molecular initiating event and growth inhibition as the adverse outcome using the duckweed Lemna minor as a model. </p>
<p> </p>
<p style="text-align:justify">Growth is a regulatory relevant chronic toxicity endpoint for almost all organisms. Multiple OECD test guidelines have included growth either as a main endpoint of concern, or as an additional endpoint to be considered in the toxicity assessments. Relevant test guidelines include, but not only limited to:</p>
<p style="text-align:justify"> </p>
<p>-Test No. 201: Freshwater Alga and Cyanobacteria, Growth Inhibition Test</p>
<p>-Test No. 208: Terrestrial Plant Test: Seedling Emergence and Seedling Growth Test</p>
<p>-Test No. 211: Daphnia magna Reproduction Test</p>
<p>-Test No. 212: Fish, Short-term Toxicity Test on Embryo and Sac-Fry Stages</p>
<p>-Test No. 215: Fish, Juvenile Growth Test</p>
<p>-Test No. 221: Lemna sp. Growth Inhibition Test</p>
<p>-Test No. 228: Determination of Developmental Toxicity to Dipteran Dung Flies (Scathophaga stercoraria L. (Scathophagidae), Musca autumnalis De Geer (Muscidae))</p>
<p>-Test No. 241: The Larval Amphibian Growth and Development Assay (LAGDA)</p>
<p>-Test No. 407: Repeated Dose 28-day Oral Toxicity Study in Rodents</p>
<p>-Test No. 408: Repeated Dose 90-Day Oral Toxicity Study in Rodents</p>
<p>-Test No. 416: Two-Generation Reproduction Toxicity</p>
<p>-Test No. 422: Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity Study with the Reproduction/Developmental Toxicity Screening Test</p>
<p>-Test No. 443: Extended One-Generation Reproductive Toxicity Study</p>
<p>-Test No. 453: Combined Chronic Toxicity/Carcinogenicity Studies</p>
adjacentNot SpecifiedHighadjacentNot SpecifiedLowadjacentNot SpecifiedHighadjacentNot SpecifiedHighadjacentNot SpecifiedModerateadjacentNot SpecifiedHighadjacentNot SpecifiedHighadjacentNot SpecifiedModerateadjacentNot SpecifiedHighadjacentNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedHighUnspecificHighDevelopmentModerateModerateModerate2017-10-10T07:43:352023-04-29T16:03:00