CL:0000117 CL CNS neuron (sensu Vertebrata) MP:0003990 MP decreased neurotransmitter release MP:0002916 MP increased synaptic depression 2 WIKI decreased 1 WIKI increased WikiUser_4 Wikiuser: Blandesmann Human, rat, mouse IDE inhibition Molecular AOPWiki 2026-08-31T09:15:53 2026-08-31T09:15:53 Abeta accumulation Cellular AOPWiki 2026-08-31T09:19:23 2026-08-31T09:19:23 p-Tau Cellular AOPWiki 2021-10-26T06:57:20 2021-10-26T06:57:20 Dysfunctional synapses Organ <p>Synaptic dysfunction refers to the impairment or disruption of communication between neurons at synapses. It occurs when neurotransmitter release, receptor function, or synaptic structure is altered or damaged, leading to impaired signaling. Such dysfunction can contribute to various neurological and psychiatric conditions, including Alzheimer&#39;s disease, Parkinson&#39;s disease, depression, schizophrenia, and autism spectrum disorders.&nbsp;</p> <ul> <li><strong>Electrophysiology (Patch Clamp, Field Potential Recording)</strong>: Measures neurotransmition&nbsp;efficiency and receptor function by currents recordings. Evaluate synaptic plasticity, such as LTP and LTD</li> <li><strong>Microdialysis or HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography)</strong>: Quantifies neurotransmitter levels directly.</li> <li><strong>Western Blot, ELISA</strong>: Evaluate&nbsp;proteins expression.</li> <li><strong>Immunohistochemistry and imagings :&nbsp;</strong>Evaluate expression and locarization for pre- and post synaptic proteins, mitochondrial imaging, infkammation and immune responses using microscopies.</li> <li><strong>Behavioral Tests (e.g., Morris Water Maze, Novel Object Recognition)</strong>: Evaluate cognitive functions related to synaptic plasticity.</li> <li><strong>Morphlogical changes: Electron Microscopy (EM)</strong>: Visualize synaptic ultrastructure.&nbsp;<strong>Confocal or Two-photon Microscopy</strong>: Observe dendritic spine morphology and density changes.&nbsp;<strong>Golgi Staining</strong>: Analyze dendritic spine density and morphology.</li> <li><strong>MRI, PET EEG</strong></li> </ul> <p>Species applicability includes humans, using clinical assessments like neuroimaging, EEG, and cognitive tests; animal models (e.g., rodents) employing electrophysiological, behavioral, and biochemical assays; and cultured neuronal cells for molecular-level studies. Life-stage applicability covers developmental stages for neurodevelopmental disorders, adulthood for psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases, and elderly populations for age-related cognitive decline. Experimental system applicability spans in vitro models for cellular mechanisms, ex vivo brain slices for electrophysiological studies, and in vivo animal models for behavioral and systemic analysis. Disease applicability involves neurological and psychiatric conditions such as Alzheimer&#39;s, Parkinson&#39;s, schizophrenia, depression, epilepsy, and autism spectrum disorders. Clearly defining these domains ensures accurate interpretation, facilitates translational research, and supports targeted therapeutic development for various neurological and psychiatric disorders.</p> UBERON:0026546 UBERON principal neuronal circuit High Unspecific High All life stages High <p>Jocelyn R Barnes^&nbsp;,&nbsp;Bandhan Mukherjee^&nbsp;,&nbsp;Ben C Rogers^&nbsp;,&nbsp;Firoozeh Nafar^&nbsp;,&nbsp;Madeline Gosse^&nbsp;,&nbsp;Matthew P Parsons.,The Relationship Between Glutamate Dynamics and Activity-Dependent Synaptic Plasticity. J Neurosci.&nbsp;2020 Apr 1;40(14):2793-2807.</p> AOPWiki 2021-10-26T06:58:46 2025-08-04T22:50:52 Cognitive Decline (Adult) Individual AOPWiki 2026-08-31T09:21:10 2026-08-31T09:21:10 AOPWiki 2026-08-31T09:21:32 2026-08-31T09:21:32 AOPWiki 2026-08-31T09:22:04 2026-08-31T09:22:04 AOPWiki 2026-08-31T09:21:40 2026-08-31T09:21:40 AOPWiki 2026-08-31T09:21:47 2026-08-31T09:21:47 AOPWiki 2026-08-31T09:21:53 2026-08-31T09:21:53 IDE and cognitive decline Barbara Viviani All rights reserved 2.8 adjacent Not Specified Not Specified adjacent Not Specified Not Specified adjacent Not Specified Not Specified adjacent Not Specified Not Specified non-adjacent Not Specified Not Specified <div> <table class="table table-bordered table-fullwidth"> <thead> <tr> <th>Modulating Factor (MF)</th> <th>Influence or Outcome</th> <th>KER(s) involved</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>&nbsp;</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> AOPWiki 2026-08-31T09:12:13 2026-08-31T09:22:04