Prototypical Stressors

Showing 826 to 850 of 855 Prototypical Stressors

ID	Prototypical Stressor Name	Associated Chemical(s): Name, CAS-RN, DTXSID	Associated AOPs

318	Carbon nanotubes		3 AOPs 241: Latent Transforming Growth Factor beta1 activation leads to pulmonary fibrosis 237: Substance interaction with lung resident cell membrane components leading to atherosclerosis 409: Frustrated phagocytosis leads to malignant mesothelioma
395	Antimycin A	Antimycin A, CAS-RN: 1397-94-0, DTXSID9032325	3 AOPs 286: Mitochondrial complex III antagonism leading to growth inhibition (1) 287: Mitochondrial complex III antagonism leading to growth inhibition (2) 587: Inhibition of the mitochondrial complex III of nigro-striatal neurons leads to parkinsonian motor deficits
526	SARS-CoV		3 AOPs 320: Binding of SARS-CoV-2 to ACE2 receptor leading to acute respiratory distress associated mortality 377: Dysregulated prolonged Toll Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) activation leading to Multi Organ Failure involving Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) 430: Binding of SARS-CoV-2 to ACE2 leads to viral infection proliferation
556	Vinclozolin	Vinclozolin, CAS-RN: 50471-44-8, DTXSID4022361	3 AOPs 561: Aromatase induction leading to estrogen receptor alpha activation via increased estradiol 344: Androgen receptor (AR) antagonism leading to nipple retention (NR) in male (mammalian) offspring 477: Androgen receptor (AR) antagonism leading to hypospadias in male (mammalian) offspring
650	Methyl parathion	Methyl parathion, CAS-RN: 298-00-0, DTXSID1020855	3 AOPs 405: Organo-Phosphate Chemicals induced inhibition of AChE leading to impaired cognitive function 450: Inhibition of AChE and activation of CYP2E1 leading to sensory axonal peripheral neuropathy and mortality 561: Aromatase induction leading to estrogen receptor alpha activation via increased estradiol
774	Boscalid	Boscalid, CAS-RN: 188425-85-6, DTXSID6034392	3 AOPs 534: Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) inhibition leads to oxidative stress 474: Succinate dehydrogenase inactivation leads to cancer by promoting EMT 546: Succinate dehydrogenase inactivation leads to cancer through hypoxic-like mechanisms
775	Bixafen	Bixafen, CAS-RN: 581809-46-3, DTXSID6058134	3 AOPs 534: Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) inhibition leads to oxidative stress 474: Succinate dehydrogenase inactivation leads to cancer by promoting EMT 546: Succinate dehydrogenase inactivation leads to cancer through hypoxic-like mechanisms
776	Sedaxane	Sedaxane, CAS-RN: 874967-67-6, DTXSID2058207	3 AOPs 534: Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) inhibition leads to oxidative stress 474: Succinate dehydrogenase inactivation leads to cancer by promoting EMT 546: Succinate dehydrogenase inactivation leads to cancer through hypoxic-like mechanisms
834	1,1'-Ethane-1,2-diylbis(pentabromobenzene)	1,1'-Ethane-1,2-diylbis(pentabromobenzene), CAS-RN: 84852-53-9, DTXSID2052732	3 AOPs 564: DBDPE-induced inhibition of mitochondrial complex Ⅰ leading to population decline via neurotoxicity and metabotoxicity. 592: DBDPE-induced DNA strand breaks and LDH activity inhibition leading to population growth rate decline via energy metabolism disrupt and apoptosis 591: DBDPE-induced DNA damage increase in liver leading to Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease via liver steatosis and inhibition of regeneration
137	Flutamide	Flutamide, CAS-RN: 13311-84-7, DTXSID7032004	4 AOPs 345: Androgen receptor (AR) antagonism leading to decreased fertility in females 306: Androgen receptor (AR) antagonism leading to short anogenital distance (AGD) in male (mammalian) offspring 344: Androgen receptor (AR) antagonism leading to nipple retention (NR) in male (mammalian) offspring 477: Androgen receptor (AR) antagonism leading to hypospadias in male (mammalian) offspring
282	Ketoconazole	Ketoconazole, CAS-RN: 65277-42-1, DTXSID7029879	4 AOPs 218: Inhibition of CYP7B activity leads to decreased reproductive success via decreased locomotor activity 219: Inhibition of CYP7B activity leads to decreased reproductive success via decreased sexual behavior 349: Inhibition of 11β-hydroxylase leading to decresed population trajectory 606: Ecdysone receptor antagonism leading to mortality via inhibition of chitin synthase 1
521	Bisphenol A	Bisphenol A, CAS-RN: 80-05-7, DTXSID7020182	4 AOPs 314: Binding to estrogen receptor (ER)-α in immune cells leading to exacerbation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) 522: Estrogen antagonism leading to increased risk of autism-like behavior 535: Binding and activation of GPER leading to learning and memory impairments 554: β-adrenergic receptor agonists leading to arrhythmias.
37	Methimazole	Methimazole, CAS-RN: 60-56-0, DTXSID4020820	5 AOPs 175: Thyroperoxidase inhibition leading to altered amphibian metamorphosis 159: Thyroperoxidase inhibition leading to increased mortality via reduced anterior swim bladder inflation 42: Inhibition of Thyroperoxidase and Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Mammals 271: Inhibition of thyroid peroxidase leading to impaired fertility in fish 363: Thyroperoxidase inhibition leading to altered visual function via altered retinal layer structure
48	Propylthiouracil	6-Propyl-2-thiouracil, CAS-RN: 51-52-5, DTXSID5021209	5 AOPs 175: Thyroperoxidase inhibition leading to altered amphibian metamorphosis 159: Thyroperoxidase inhibition leading to increased mortality via reduced anterior swim bladder inflation 42: Inhibition of Thyroperoxidase and Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Mammals 271: Inhibition of thyroid peroxidase leading to impaired fertility in fish 363: Thyroperoxidase inhibition leading to altered visual function via altered retinal layer structure
148	Polychlorinated biphenyl		5 AOPs 150: Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to early life stage mortality, via reduced VEGF 152: Interference with thyroid serum binding protein transthyretin and subsequent adverse human neurodevelopmental toxicity 131: Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to uroporphyria 458: AhR activation in the liver leading to Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Mammals 459: AhR activation in the thyroid leading to Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Mammals
177	atrazine	Atrazine, CAS-RN: 1912-24-9, DTXSID9020112	5 AOPs 168: GnRH pulse disruption leading to mammary adenomas and carcinomas in the SD rat. 169: GnRH pulse disruption leading to pituitary adenomas and carcinomas in the SD rat. 492: Glutathione conjugation leading to reproductive dysfunction via oxidative stress 561: Aromatase induction leading to estrogen receptor alpha activation via increased estradiol 567: Binding to plastoquinone B site leading to decreased population growth rate via photosystem II inhibition
250	Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)		5 AOPs 131: Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to uroporphyria 397: Bulky DNA adducts leading to mutations 550: Increased LMNA gene mutation leading to heart failure 556: Decreased Na/K ATPase activity leading to heart failure 563: Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR) activation causes Premature Ovarian Insufficiency via Bax mediated apoptosis
303	Reactive oxygen species		5 AOPs 148: EGFR Activation Leading to Decreased Lung Function 149: Peptide Oxidation Leading to Hypertension 282: Adverse outcome pathway on photochemical toxicity initiated by light exposure 296: Oxidative DNA damage leading to chromosomal aberrations and mutations 462: Activation of reactive oxygen species leading the atherosclerosis
635	Arsenic	Arsenic, CAS-RN: 7440-38-2, DTXSID4023886	5 AOPs 413: Oxidation and antagonism of reduced glutathione leading to mortality via acute renal failure 499: Activation of MEK-ERK1/2 leads to deficits in learning and cognition via disrupted neurotransmitter release 500: Activation of MEK-ERK1/2 leads to deficits in learning and cognition via ROS and apoptosis 550: Increased LMNA gene mutation leading to heart failure 519: Cardiac ion channels blockade leading to increased incidence of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality
645	Cigarette smoke	Cigarette smoke, CAS-RN: NOCAS, DTXSID5035038	5 AOPs 403: combined unhealthy lifestyle factors leading to metabolic syndrome 411: Oxidative stress Leading to Decreased Lung Function 424: Oxidative stress Leading to Decreased Lung Function via CFTR dysfunction 425: Oxidative Stress Leading to Decreased Lung Function via Decreased FOXJ1 563: Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR) activation causes Premature Ovarian Insufficiency via Bax mediated apoptosis
624	Sars-CoV-2		6 AOPs 374: Binding of Sars-CoV-2 spike protein to ACE 2 receptors expressed on brain cells (neuronal and non-neuronal) leads to neuroinflammation resulting in encephalitis 377: Dysregulated prolonged Toll Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) activation leading to Multi Organ Failure involving Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) 320: Binding of SARS-CoV-2 to ACE2 receptor leading to acute respiratory distress associated mortality 392: Decreased fibrinolysis and activated bradykinin system leading to hyperinflammation 422: Binding of SARS-CoV-2 to ACE2 in enterocytes leads to intestinal barrier disruption 430: Binding of SARS-CoV-2 to ACE2 leads to viral infection proliferation
675	Heavy metals (cadmium, lead, copper, iron, nickel)		7 AOPs 499: Activation of MEK-ERK1/2 leads to deficits in learning and cognition via disrupted neurotransmitter release 500: Activation of MEK-ERK1/2 leads to deficits in learning and cognition via ROS and apoptosis 521: Essential element imbalance leads to reproductive failure via oxidative stress 324: Reactive oxygen species leading to growth inhibition via oxidative DNA damage and cell cycle disruption 325: Reactive oxygen species leading to growth inhibition via oxidative DNA damage and cell death 326: Reactive oxygen species leading to growth inhibition via lipid peroxidation and decreased cell proliferation 539: Decreased Sodium/Potassium ATPase activity leads to Heart failure
59	Lead	Lead, CAS-RN: 7439-92-1, DTXSID2024161	8 AOPs 12: Chronic binding of antagonist to N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) during brain development leads to neurodegeneration with impairment in learning and memory in aging 499: Activation of MEK-ERK1/2 leads to deficits in learning and cognition via disrupted neurotransmitter release 500: Activation of MEK-ERK1/2 leads to deficits in learning and cognition via ROS and apoptosis 552: Inhibiton of L-Type Calcium Channels leading to heart failure via QT interval prolongation and Torsades de Pointes (TdP) 555: Inhibition, Ether-a-go-go (ERG) Voltage-Gated Potassium Channel leading to heart failure 556: Decreased Na/K ATPase activity leading to heart failure 558: Phosphodiesterase inhibition leading to heart failure 560: Inhibition of Funny current (If) leading to Arrhythmias
442	5-Azacytidine	5-Azacytidine, CAS-RN: 320-67-2, DTXSID9020116	8 AOPs 290: Mitochondrial ATP synthase antagonism leading to growth inhibition (1) 291: Mitochondrial ATP synthase antagonism leading to growth inhibition (2) 336: DNA methyltransferase inhibition leading to population decline (1) 337: DNA methyltransferase inhibition leading to population decline (2) 338: DNA methyltransferase inhibition leading to population decline (3) 339: DNA methyltransferase inhibition leading to population decline (4) 340: DNA methyltransferase inhibition leading to transgenerational effects (1) 341: DNA methyltransferase inhibition leading to transgenerational effects (2)
249	2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)		9 AOPs 21: Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to early life stage mortality, via increased COX-2 455: Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to early life stage mortality via sox9 repression induced impeded craniofacial development 456: Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to early life stage mortality via sox9 repression induced cardiovascular toxicity 439: Activation of the AhR leading to metastatic breast cancer 458: AhR activation in the liver leading to Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Mammals 459: AhR activation in the thyroid leading to Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Mammals 494: AhR activation leading to liver fibrosis 563: Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR) activation causes Premature Ovarian Insufficiency via Bax mediated apoptosis 578: AhR activation leading to cancer progression via immunosuppression