Prototypical Stressors

Showing 1 to 25 of 855 Prototypical Stressors

ID	Prototypical Stressor Name	Associated Chemical(s): Name, CAS-RN, DTXSID	Associated AOPs

451	Ionizing Radiation		19 AOPs 293: Increased DNA damage leading to increased risk of breast cancer 294: Increased reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) leading to increased risk of breast cancer 296: Oxidative DNA damage leading to chromosomal aberrations and mutations 272: Deposition of energy leading to lung cancer 298: Increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to human treatment-resistant gastric cancer 216: Deposition of energy leading to population decline via DNA strand breaks and follicular atresia 238: Deposition of energy leading to population decline via DNA strand breaks and oocyte apoptosis 386: Deposition of ionizing energy leading to population decline via inhibition of photosynthesis 387: Deposition of ionising energy leading to population decline via mitochondrial dysfunction 388: Deposition of ionising energy leading to population decline via programmed cell death 299: Deposition of energy leading to population decline via DNA oxidation and follicular atresia 396: Deposition of ionizing energy leads to population decline via impaired meiosis 432: Deposition of Energy by Ionizing Radiation leading to Acute Myeloid Leukemia 441: Ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage leads to microcephaly via apoptosis and premature cell differentiation 470: Deposition of energy leads to abnormal vascular remodeling 483: Deposition of Energy Leading to Learning and Memory Impairment 482: Deposition of energy leading to occurrence of bone loss 478: Deposition of energy leading to occurrence of cataracts 550: Increased LMNA gene mutation leading to heart failure
43	Organophosphates	Parathion, CAS-RN: 56-38-2, DTXSID7021100 Soman, CAS-RN: 96-64-0, DTXSID2031906	10 AOPs 405: Organo-Phosphate Chemicals induced inhibition of AChE leading to impaired cognitive function 450: Inhibition of AChE and activation of CYP2E1 leading to sensory axonal peripheral neuropathy and mortality 490: Co-activation of IP3R and RyR leads to reduced IQ and increased socio-economic burden through non-cholinergic mechanisms 543: Inhibition of neuropathy target esterase leading to delayed neuropathy via lysolecithin cell membrane integration 544: Inhibition of neuropathy target esterase leading to delayed neuropathy via increased inflammation 552: Inhibiton of L-Type Calcium Channels leading to heart failure via QT interval prolongation and Torsades de Pointes (TdP) 555: Inhibition, Ether-a-go-go (ERG) Voltage-Gated Potassium Channel leading to heart failure 556: Decreased Na/K ATPase activity leading to heart failure 560: Inhibition of Funny current (If) leading to Arrhythmias 562: HCN Channel Inhibition leading to Arrhythmias
335	Cadmium	Cadmium, CAS-RN: 7440-43-9, DTXSID1023940	10 AOPs 257: Receptor mediated endocytosis and lysosomal overload leading to kidney toxicity 499: Activation of MEK-ERK1/2 leads to deficits in learning and cognition via disrupted neurotransmitter release 500: Activation of MEK-ERK1/2 leads to deficits in learning and cognition via ROS and apoptosis 521: Essential element imbalance leads to reproductive failure via oxidative stress 550: Increased LMNA gene mutation leading to heart failure 552: Inhibiton of L-Type Calcium Channels leading to heart failure via QT interval prolongation and Torsades de Pointes (TdP) 555: Inhibition, Ether-a-go-go (ERG) Voltage-Gated Potassium Channel leading to heart failure 560: Inhibition of Funny current (If) leading to Arrhythmias 615: Suppression of Keap1 cysteine oxidation leading to liver inflammation 638: Co-exposure to microplastics and cadmium leading to progression from NAFLD to liver tumorigenesis
274	Ultraviolet B radiation		9 AOPs 331: Reactive oxygen species leading to growth inhibition via lipid peroxidation and cell death 327: Excessive reactive oxygen species production leading to mortality (1) 328: Excessive reactive oxygen species production leading to mortality (2) 329: Excessive reactive oxygen species production leading to mortality (3) 330: Excessive reactive oxygen species production leading to mortality (4) 389: Oxygen-evolving complex damage leading to population decline via inhibition of photosynthesis 388: Deposition of ionising energy leading to population decline via programmed cell death 386: Deposition of ionizing energy leading to population decline via inhibition of photosynthesis 387: Deposition of ionising energy leading to population decline via mitochondrial dysfunction
273	Gamma radiation		9 AOPs 216: Deposition of energy leading to population decline via DNA strand breaks and follicular atresia 238: Deposition of energy leading to population decline via DNA strand breaks and oocyte apoptosis 299: Deposition of energy leading to population decline via DNA oxidation and follicular atresia 311: Deposition of energy leading to population decline via DNA oxidation and oocyte apoptosis 386: Deposition of ionizing energy leading to population decline via inhibition of photosynthesis 387: Deposition of ionising energy leading to population decline via mitochondrial dysfunction 388: Deposition of ionising energy leading to population decline via programmed cell death 396: Deposition of ionizing energy leads to population decline via impaired meiosis 330: Excessive reactive oxygen species production leading to mortality (4)
249	2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)		9 AOPs 21: Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to early life stage mortality, via increased COX-2 455: Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to early life stage mortality via sox9 repression induced impeded craniofacial development 456: Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to early life stage mortality via sox9 repression induced cardiovascular toxicity 439: Activation of the AhR leading to metastatic breast cancer 458: AhR activation in the liver leading to Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Mammals 459: AhR activation in the thyroid leading to Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Mammals 494: AhR activation leading to liver fibrosis 563: Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR) activation causes Premature Ovarian Insufficiency via Bax mediated apoptosis 578: AhR activation leading to cancer progression via immunosuppression
442	5-Azacytidine	5-Azacytidine, CAS-RN: 320-67-2, DTXSID9020116	8 AOPs 290: Mitochondrial ATP synthase antagonism leading to growth inhibition (1) 291: Mitochondrial ATP synthase antagonism leading to growth inhibition (2) 336: DNA methyltransferase inhibition leading to population decline (1) 337: DNA methyltransferase inhibition leading to population decline (2) 338: DNA methyltransferase inhibition leading to population decline (3) 339: DNA methyltransferase inhibition leading to population decline (4) 340: DNA methyltransferase inhibition leading to transgenerational effects (1) 341: DNA methyltransferase inhibition leading to transgenerational effects (2)
59	Lead	Lead, CAS-RN: 7439-92-1, DTXSID2024161	8 AOPs 12: Chronic binding of antagonist to N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) during brain development leads to neurodegeneration with impairment in learning and memory in aging 499: Activation of MEK-ERK1/2 leads to deficits in learning and cognition via disrupted neurotransmitter release 500: Activation of MEK-ERK1/2 leads to deficits in learning and cognition via ROS and apoptosis 552: Inhibiton of L-Type Calcium Channels leading to heart failure via QT interval prolongation and Torsades de Pointes (TdP) 555: Inhibition, Ether-a-go-go (ERG) Voltage-Gated Potassium Channel leading to heart failure 556: Decreased Na/K ATPase activity leading to heart failure 558: Phosphodiesterase inhibition leading to heart failure 560: Inhibition of Funny current (If) leading to Arrhythmias
675	Heavy metals (cadmium, lead, copper, iron, nickel)		7 AOPs 499: Activation of MEK-ERK1/2 leads to deficits in learning and cognition via disrupted neurotransmitter release 500: Activation of MEK-ERK1/2 leads to deficits in learning and cognition via ROS and apoptosis 521: Essential element imbalance leads to reproductive failure via oxidative stress 324: Reactive oxygen species leading to growth inhibition via oxidative DNA damage and cell cycle disruption 325: Reactive oxygen species leading to growth inhibition via oxidative DNA damage and cell death 326: Reactive oxygen species leading to growth inhibition via lipid peroxidation and decreased cell proliferation 539: Decreased Sodium/Potassium ATPase activity leads to Heart failure
624	Sars-CoV-2		6 AOPs 374: Binding of Sars-CoV-2 spike protein to ACE 2 receptors expressed on brain cells (neuronal and non-neuronal) leads to neuroinflammation resulting in encephalitis 377: Dysregulated prolonged Toll Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) activation leading to Multi Organ Failure involving Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) 320: Binding of SARS-CoV-2 to ACE2 receptor leading to acute respiratory distress associated mortality 392: Decreased fibrinolysis and activated bradykinin system leading to hyperinflammation 422: Binding of SARS-CoV-2 to ACE2 in enterocytes leads to intestinal barrier disruption 430: Binding of SARS-CoV-2 to ACE2 leads to viral infection proliferation
37	Methimazole	Methimazole, CAS-RN: 60-56-0, DTXSID4020820	5 AOPs 175: Thyroperoxidase inhibition leading to altered amphibian metamorphosis 159: Thyroperoxidase inhibition leading to increased mortality via reduced anterior swim bladder inflation 42: Inhibition of Thyroperoxidase and Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Mammals 271: Inhibition of thyroid peroxidase leading to impaired fertility in fish 363: Thyroperoxidase inhibition leading to altered visual function via altered retinal layer structure
303	Reactive oxygen species		5 AOPs 148: EGFR Activation Leading to Decreased Lung Function 149: Peptide Oxidation Leading to Hypertension 282: Adverse outcome pathway on photochemical toxicity initiated by light exposure 296: Oxidative DNA damage leading to chromosomal aberrations and mutations 462: Activation of reactive oxygen species leading the atherosclerosis
48	Propylthiouracil	6-Propyl-2-thiouracil, CAS-RN: 51-52-5, DTXSID5021209	5 AOPs 175: Thyroperoxidase inhibition leading to altered amphibian metamorphosis 159: Thyroperoxidase inhibition leading to increased mortality via reduced anterior swim bladder inflation 42: Inhibition of Thyroperoxidase and Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Mammals 271: Inhibition of thyroid peroxidase leading to impaired fertility in fish 363: Thyroperoxidase inhibition leading to altered visual function via altered retinal layer structure
645	Cigarette smoke	Cigarette smoke, CAS-RN: NOCAS, DTXSID5035038	5 AOPs 403: combined unhealthy lifestyle factors leading to metabolic syndrome 411: Oxidative stress Leading to Decreased Lung Function 424: Oxidative stress Leading to Decreased Lung Function via CFTR dysfunction 425: Oxidative Stress Leading to Decreased Lung Function via Decreased FOXJ1 563: Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR) activation causes Premature Ovarian Insufficiency via Bax mediated apoptosis
635	Arsenic	Arsenic, CAS-RN: 7440-38-2, DTXSID4023886	5 AOPs 413: Oxidation and antagonism of reduced glutathione leading to mortality via acute renal failure 499: Activation of MEK-ERK1/2 leads to deficits in learning and cognition via disrupted neurotransmitter release 500: Activation of MEK-ERK1/2 leads to deficits in learning and cognition via ROS and apoptosis 550: Increased LMNA gene mutation leading to heart failure 519: Cardiac ion channels blockade leading to increased incidence of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality
177	atrazine	Atrazine, CAS-RN: 1912-24-9, DTXSID9020112	5 AOPs 168: GnRH pulse disruption leading to mammary adenomas and carcinomas in the SD rat. 169: GnRH pulse disruption leading to pituitary adenomas and carcinomas in the SD rat. 492: Glutathione conjugation leading to reproductive dysfunction via oxidative stress 561: Aromatase induction leading to estrogen receptor alpha activation via increased estradiol 567: Binding to plastoquinone B site leading to decreased population growth rate via photosystem II inhibition
148	Polychlorinated biphenyl		5 AOPs 150: Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to early life stage mortality, via reduced VEGF 152: Interference with thyroid serum binding protein transthyretin and subsequent adverse human neurodevelopmental toxicity 131: Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to uroporphyria 458: AhR activation in the liver leading to Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Mammals 459: AhR activation in the thyroid leading to Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Mammals
250	Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)		5 AOPs 131: Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to uroporphyria 397: Bulky DNA adducts leading to mutations 550: Increased LMNA gene mutation leading to heart failure 556: Decreased Na/K ATPase activity leading to heart failure 563: Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR) activation causes Premature Ovarian Insufficiency via Bax mediated apoptosis
282	Ketoconazole	Ketoconazole, CAS-RN: 65277-42-1, DTXSID7029879	4 AOPs 218: Inhibition of CYP7B activity leads to decreased reproductive success via decreased locomotor activity 219: Inhibition of CYP7B activity leads to decreased reproductive success via decreased sexual behavior 349: Inhibition of 11β-hydroxylase leading to decresed population trajectory 606: Ecdysone receptor antagonism leading to mortality via inhibition of chitin synthase 1
521	Bisphenol A	Bisphenol A, CAS-RN: 80-05-7, DTXSID7020182	4 AOPs 314: Binding to estrogen receptor (ER)-α in immune cells leading to exacerbation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) 522: Estrogen antagonism leading to increased risk of autism-like behavior 535: Binding and activation of GPER leading to learning and memory impairments 554: β-adrenergic receptor agonists leading to arrhythmias.
137	Flutamide	Flutamide, CAS-RN: 13311-84-7, DTXSID7032004	4 AOPs 345: Androgen receptor (AR) antagonism leading to decreased fertility in females 306: Androgen receptor (AR) antagonism leading to short anogenital distance (AGD) in male (mammalian) offspring 344: Androgen receptor (AR) antagonism leading to nipple retention (NR) in male (mammalian) offspring 477: Androgen receptor (AR) antagonism leading to hypospadias in male (mammalian) offspring
65	Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate	Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, CAS-RN: 117-81-7, DTXSID5020607	3 AOPs 457: Succinate dehydrogenase inhibition leading to increased insulin resistance through reduction in circulating thyroxine 575: Decreased testosterone synthesis leading to increased nipple retention (NR) in male (rodent) offspring 570: Decreased testosterone synthesis leading to hypospadias in male (mammalian) offspring
36	Mercury	Mercury, CAS-RN: 7439-97-6, DTXSID1024172	3 AOPs 552: Inhibiton of L-Type Calcium Channels leading to heart failure via QT interval prolongation and Torsades de Pointes (TdP) 556: Decreased Na/K ATPase activity leading to heart failure 558: Phosphodiesterase inhibition leading to heart failure
650	Methyl parathion	Methyl parathion, CAS-RN: 298-00-0, DTXSID1020855	3 AOPs 405: Organo-Phosphate Chemicals induced inhibition of AChE leading to impaired cognitive function 450: Inhibition of AChE and activation of CYP2E1 leading to sensory axonal peripheral neuropathy and mortality 561: Aromatase induction leading to estrogen receptor alpha activation via increased estradiol
775	Bixafen	Bixafen, CAS-RN: 581809-46-3, DTXSID6058134	3 AOPs 534: Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) inhibition leads to oxidative stress 474: Succinate dehydrogenase inactivation leads to cancer by promoting EMT 546: Succinate dehydrogenase inactivation leads to cancer through hypoxic-like mechanisms