Event:64

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Event Title

Ionotropic GABA receptor chloride channel conductance, Reduction
Short name: iGABAR chloride conductance, Reduction

Key Event Overview

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AOPs Including This Key Event

AOP Name Event Type Essentiality
Binding to the picrotoxin site of ionotropic GABA receptors leading to epileptic seizures KE Strong

Taxonomic Applicability

Name Scientific Name Evidence Links
human Homo sapiens Strong NCBI
rats Rattus norvegicus Strong NCBI
mouse Mus musculus Strong NCBI
Drosophila melanogaster Drosophila melanogaster Strong NCBI

Level of Biological Organization

Biological Organization
Cellular

How this Key Event works

This key event occurs at the cellular level and is characterized by a dose-dependent post-synaptic inhibition of membrane currents in iGABAR-containing cells, especially neuronal cells (Dichter and Ayala 1987; Bromfield et al. 2006). A non-competitive channel blocker binds at or near the central pore of the receptor complex (i.e., the picrotoxin site) and directly blocks chloride flux through the ion channel (Gong et al. 2015)

How it is Measured or Detected

The change in membrane conductance can be measured by determining the alteration (i.e., inhibition) in muscimol-stimulated (Banerjee et al. 1999) or GABA-induced uptake (Babot et al. 2007) of (36)Cl(-) in cortical and cerebellar membranes or primary cerebellar granule cell cultures, prior to and after exposure to a GABA antagonist.

Evidence Supporting Taxonomic Applicability

Banerjee et al. (1999) reported functional modulation of GABA-A receptors by Zn2+, pentobarbital, neuroactive steroid alphaxalone, and flunitrazepam in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum of rats undergoing status epilepticus induced by pilocarpine.

Babot et al. (2007) measured the reduction in mouse GABA(A) receptor function by 3 μM dieldrin using the GABA-induced (36)Cl(-) uptake method.

Bromfield et al. (2006) reviewed evidence for GABA-A receptors in human and mammalian brains.

Grolleau and Sattelle (2000) reported a complete blocking of inward current by 100 μM picrotoxin in the wild-type RDL (iGABAR) of Drosophila melanogaster.

References

Babot Z, Vilaro MT, Sunol C. (2007) Long-term exposure to dieldrin reduces gamma-aminobutyric acid type A and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor function in primary cultures of mouse cerebellar granule cells. J. Neurosci. Res. 85(16), 3687-3695.

Banerjee PK, Olsen RW, Snead OC, III. (1999) Zinc inhibition of gamma-aminobutyric acid(A) receptor function is decreased in the cerebral cortex during pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1999; 291(1):361-366.

Bromfield EB, Cavazos JE, Sirven JI. (2006) Chapter 1, Basic Mechanisms Underlying Seizures and Epilepsy. In: An Introduction to Epilepsy [Internet]. West Hartford (CT): American Epilepsy Society; Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2510

Dichter MA, Ayala GF. (1987) Cellular mechanisms of epilepsy: a status report. Science 237(4811), 157-164.

Gong P. Hong HH, Perkins EJ. (2015) Ionotropic GABA receptor antagonism-induced adverse outcome pathways for potential neurotoxicity biomarkers. Biomark. Med. 9(11):1225-39.

Grolleau F, Sattelle DB. (2000) Single channel analysis of the blocking actions of BIDN and fipronil on a Drosophila melanogaster GABA receptor (RDL) stably expressed in a Drosophila cell line. Br J Pharmacol. 130(8):1833-42.