Relationship:302

From AOP-Wiki
Revision as of 04:01, 17 January 2016 by Wikibot (Talk | contribs)

(diff) ← Older revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)
Jump to: navigation, search



Key Event Relationship Overview

Please follow link to widget page to edit this section.

If you manually enter text in this section, it will get automatically altered or deleted in subsequent edits using the widgets.

Description of Relationship

Upstream Event Downstream Event/Outcome
Testosterone synthesis by ovarian theca cells, Reduction 17beta-estradiol synthesis by ovarian granulosa cells, Reduction

AOPs Referencing Relationship

AOP Name Type of Relationship Weight of Evidence Quantitative Understanding
Androgen receptor agonism leading to reproductive dysfunction Directly Leads to Strong Weak

Taxonomic Applicability

Name Scientific Name Evidence Links

How Does This Key Event Relationship Work

Weight of Evidence

Biological Plausibility

Theca cell-derived androgens (e.g., testosterone, androstenedione) are precursors for estrogen (e.g., 17β-estradiol, estrone) synthesis. Androgens secreted from the theca cells are aromatized to estrogens in the ovarian granulosa cells. Consequently, reductions in theca cell testosterone synthesis can be expected to reduce the rate of estradiol synthesis by the ovarian granulosa cells (Payne and Hales 2004; Miller 1988; Nagahama et al. 1993).

Empirical Support for Linkage

Include consideration of temporal concordance here

  • Ex vivo T production by ovary tissue collected from female fathead minnows exposed in vivo to 33 or 472 ng 17β-trenbolone/L was significantly reduced after 24 or 48 h of exposure (Ekman et al. 2011). Reductions in ex vivo T production preceded significant reductions in ex vivo E2 production.
  • Ketoconazole is a fungicide thought to inhibit CYP11A and CYP17 (both involved in theca cell androgen production) with greater potency than it inhibits CYP19 (aromatase) (Villeneuve et al. 2007). Ex vivo E2 and T production were significantly reduced following exposure to 30 or 300 μg ketoconazole/L (Ankley et al. 2012).

Uncertainties or Inconsistencies

No significant inconsistencies identified to date. However, the literature review on this topic has not been comprehensive.

Quantitative Understanding of the Linkage

Is it known how much change in the first event is needed to impact the second? Are there known modulators of the response-response relationships? Are there models or extrapolation approaches that help describe those relationships? At present we are unaware of any well established quantitative relationships between ex vivo T production (as an indirect measure of theca cell T synthesis) and ex vivo E2 production (as an indirect measure of granulosa cell E2 synthesis). There are considerable data available which might support the development of such a relationship. Additionally, there are a number of existing mathematical/computational models of ovarian steroidogenesis that may be adaptable to support a quantitative understanding of this linkage (Breen et al. 2007; Shoemaker et al. 2010; Quignot and Bois 2013).

Evidence Supporting Taxonomic Applicability

References

  • Payne AH, Hales DB. 2004. Overview of steroidogenic enzymes in the pathway from cholesterol to active steroid hormones. Endocrine reviews 25(6): 947-970.
  • Miller WL. 1988. Molecular biology of steroid hormone synthesis. Endocrine reviews 9(3): 295-318.
  • Nagahama Y, Yoshikumi M, Yamashita M, Sakai N, Tanaka M. 1993. Molecular endocrinology of oocyte growth and maturation in fish. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 11: 3-14.
  • Ekman DR, Villeneuve DL, Teng Q, Ralston-Hooper KJ, Martinovic-Weigelt D, Kahl MD, et al. 2011. Use of gene expression, biochemical and metabolite profiles to enhance exposure and effects assessment of the model androgen 17beta-trenbolone in fish. Environmental toxicology and chemistry / SETAC 30(2): 319-329.
  • Villeneuve DL, Ankley GT, Makynen EA, Blake LS, Greene KJ, Higley EB, et al. 2007. Comparison of fathead minnow ovary explant and H295R cell-based steroidogenesis assays for identifying endocrine-active chemicals. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 68(1): 20-32.
  • Ankley GT, Cavallin JE, Durhan EJ, Jensen KM, Kahl MD, Makynen EA, et al. 2012. A time-course analysis of effects of the steroidogenesis inhibitor ketoconazole on components of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis of fathead minnows. Aquatic toxicology 114-115: 88-95.
  • Breen MS, Villeneuve DL, Breen M, Ankley GT, Conolly RB. 2007. Mechanistic computational model of ovarian steroidogenesis to predict biochemical responses to endocrine active compounds. Annals of biomedical engineering 35(6): 970-981.
  • Shoemaker JE, Gayen K, Garcia-Reyero N, Perkins EJ, Villeneuve DL, Liu L, et al. 2010. Fathead minnow steroidogenesis: in silico analyses reveals tradeoffs between nominal target efficacy and robustness to cross-talk. BMC systems biology 4: 89.
  • Quignot N, Bois FY. 2013. A computational model to predict rat ovarian steroid secretion from in vitro experiments with endocrine disruptors. PloS one 8(1): e53891.