API

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Relationship: 1199

Title

A descriptive phrase which clearly defines the two KEs being considered and the sequential relationship between them (i.e., which is upstream, and which is downstream). More help

Inhibition, Deiodinase 2 leads to Decreased, Triiodothyronine (T3) in tissues

Upstream event
The causing Key Event (KE) in a Key Event Relationship (KER). More help
Inhibition, Deiodinase 2
Downstream event
The responding Key Event (KE) in a Key Event Relationship (KER). More help
Decreased, Triiodothyronine (T3) in tissues

Key Event Relationship Overview

The utility of AOPs for regulatory application is defined, to a large extent, by the confidence and precision with which they facilitate extrapolation of data measured at low levels of biological organisation to predicted outcomes at higher levels of organisation and the extent to which they can link biological effect measurements to their specific causes.Within the AOP framework, the predictive relationships that facilitate extrapolation are represented by the KERs. Consequently, the overall WoE for an AOP is a reflection in part, of the level of confidence in the underlying series of KERs it encompasses. Therefore, describing the KERs in an AOP involves assembling and organising the types of information and evidence that defines the scientific basis for inferring the probable change in, or state of, a downstream KE from the known or measured state of an upstream KE. More help

AOPs Referencing Relationship

AOP Name Adjacency Weight of Evidence Quantitative Understanding Point of Contact Author Status OECD Status
Type II iodothyronine deiodinase (DIO2) inhibition leading to altered amphibian metamorphosis adjacent Moderate Low Jonathan Haselman (send email) Under Development: Contributions and Comments Welcome

Taxonomic Applicability

Latin or common names of a species or broader taxonomic grouping (e.g., class, order, family) that help to define the biological applicability domain of the KER.In general, this will be dictated by the more restrictive of the two KEs being linked together by the KER.  More help
Term Scientific Term Evidence Link
mammals mammals High NCBI
fish fish High NCBI

Sex Applicability

An indication of the the relevant sex for this KER. More help

Life Stage Applicability

An indication of the the relevant life stage(s) for this KER.  More help

Key Event Relationship Description

Provides a concise overview of the information given below as well as addressing details that aren’t inherent in the description of the KEs themselves. More help

Evidence Collection Strategy

Include a description of the approach for identification and assembly of the evidence base for the KER. For evidence identification, include, for example, a description of the sources and dates of information consulted including expert knowledge, databases searched and associated search terms/strings.  Include also a description of study screening criteria and methodology, study quality assessment considerations, the data extraction strategy and links to any repositories/databases of relevant references.Tabular summaries and links to relevant supporting documentation are encouraged, wherever possible. More help

Evidence Supporting this KER

Addresses the scientific evidence supporting KERs in an AOP setting the stage for overall assessment of the AOP. More help
Biological Plausibility
Addresses the biological rationale for a connection between KEupstream and KEdownstream.  This field can also incorporate additional mechanistic details that help inform the relationship between KEs, this is useful when it is not practical/pragmatic to represent these details as separate KEs due to the difficulty or relative infrequency with which it is likely to be measured.   More help
Uncertainties and Inconsistencies
Addresses inconsistencies or uncertainties in the relationship including the identification of experimental details that may explain apparent deviations from the expected patterns of concordance. More help

Known modulating factors

This table captures specific information on the MF, its properties, how it affects the KER and respective references.1.) What is the modulating factor? Name the factor for which solid evidence exists that it influences this KER. Examples: age, sex, genotype, diet 2.) Details of this modulating factor. Specify which features of this MF are relevant for this KER. Examples: a specific age range or a specific biological age (defined by...); a specific gene mutation or variant, a specific nutrient (deficit or surplus); a sex-specific homone; a certain threshold value (e.g. serum levels of a chemical above...) 3.) Description of how this modulating factor affects this KER. Describe the provable modification of the KER (also quantitatively, if known). Examples: increase or decrease of the magnitude of effect (by a factor of...); change of the time-course of the effect (onset delay by...); alteration of the probability of the effect; increase or decrease of the sensitivity of the downstream effect (by a factor of...) 4.) Provision of supporting scientific evidence for an effect of this MF on this KER. Give a list of references.  More help
Response-response Relationship
Provides sources of data that define the response-response relationships between the KEs.  More help
Time-scale
Information regarding the approximate time-scale of the changes in KEdownstream relative to changes in KEupstream (i.e., do effects on KEdownstream lag those on KEupstream by seconds, minutes, hours, or days?). More help
Known Feedforward/Feedback loops influencing this KER
Define whether there are known positive or negative feedback mechanisms involved and what is understood about their time-course and homeostatic limits. More help

Domain of Applicability

A free-text section of the KER description that the developers can use to explain their rationale for the taxonomic, life stage, or sex applicability structured terms. More help

Taxonomic: According to the evaluation of the empirical taxonomic domain of applicability (tDOA) of an adverse outcome pathway network for thyroid hormone system disruption (THSD) by Haigis et al., 2023, the level of confidence for a linkage between DIO2 inhibition and reduced thyroid hormone (TH) levels was considered high for mammals and fish (Cavallin et al., 2017, Da Silva et al., 2019, Darras, 2021, Darras and Van Herck, 2012, Galton et al., 2007, 2009 , Haselman et al., 2022, Houbrechts et al., 2016a,b, 2019, Noyes et al., 2011, Olker et al., 2019, Rosene et al., 2010, Schneider et al., 2001, Stinckens et al., 2018, 2020, Walpita et al., 2010). This was supported by structural protein conservation analysis by Lalone et al., 2018 and Haigis et al., 2023. Structural protein conservation of mammalian, fish, amphibian, reptilian and avian DIO2 was found compared to the human (Homo sapiens) protein target using the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Sequence Alignment to Predict Across Species Susceptibility (SeqAPASS v6.0; seqapass.epa.gov/seqapass/) tool, while acknowledging the potential existence of interspecies differences in conservation. No empirical evidence linking DIO2 inhibition to THSD was found for reptiles and birds.

References

List of the literature that was cited for this KER description. More help

Cavallin, J. E., Ankley, G. T., Blackwell, B. R., Blanksma, C. A., Fay, K. A., Jensen, K. M., Kahl, M. D., Knapen, D., Kosian, P. A., Poole, S. T., et al. (2017). Impaired swim bladder inflation in early life stage fathead minnows exposed to a deiodinase inhibitor, iopanoic acid. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 36, 2942–2952.

Da Silva, M. M., Goncalves, C. F. L., Miranda-Alves, L., Fortunato, R. S., Carvalho, D. P., and Ferreira, A. C. F. (2019). Inhibition of type 1 iodothyronine deiodinase by bisphenol A. Horm. Metab. Res. 51, 671–677.

Darras, V. M. (2021). Deiodinases: How nonmammalian research helped shape our present view. Endocrinology 162.

Darras, V. M., and Van Herck, S. L. J. (2012). Iodothyronine deiodinase structure and function: From ascidians to humans. J. Endocrinol. 215, 189–206.

Galton, V. A., Wood, E. T., St. Germain, E. A., Withrow, C. A., Aldrich, G., St. Germain, G. M., Clark, A. S., and St. Germain, D. L. (2007). Thyroid hormone homeostasis and action in the type 2 deiodinase-deficient rodent brain during development. Endocrinology 148, 3080–3088.

Galton, V. A., Schneider, M. J., Clark, A. S., and St. Germain, D. L. (2009). Life without thyroxine to 3,5,30-triiodothyronine conversion: Studies in mice devoid of the 50-deiodinases. Endocrinology 150, 2957–2963.

Haigis A-C., Vergauwen L., LaLone C.A., Villeneuve D.L., O'Brien J.M., Knapen D. (2023). Cross-species applicability of an adverse outcome pathway network for thyroid hormone system disruption. Toxicol Sci. 195, 1-27.

Haselman, J. T., Olker, J. H., Kosian, P. A., Korte, J. J., Denny, J. S., Tietge, J. E., Hornung, M. W., and Degitz, S. J. (2022). Characterization of the mechanistic linkages between iodothyronine deiodinase inhibition and impaired Thyroid-Mediated growth and development in Xenopus laevis sing iopanoic acid. Toxicol. Sci. 187, 139–149.

Houbrechts, A. M., Delarue, J., Gabri€els, I. J., Sourbron, J., and Darras, V. M. (2016a). Permanent deiodinase type 2 deficiency strongly perturbs zebrafish development, growth, and fertility. Endocrinology 157, 3668–3681.

Houbrechts, A. M., Vergauwen, L., Bagci, E., Van houcke, J., Heijlen, M., Kulemeka, B., Hyde, D. R., Knapen, D., and Darras, V. M. (2016b). Deiodinase knockdown affects zebrafish eye development at the level of gene expression, morphology and function. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 424, 81–93.

Houbrechts, A. M., Van houcke, J., and Darras, V. M. (2019). Disruption of deiodinase type 2 in zebrafish disturbs male and female reproduction. Journal of Endocrinology 241, 111–123.

Lalone, C. A., Villeneuve, D. L., Doering, J. A., Blackwell, B. R., Transue, T. R., Simmons, C. W., Swintek, J., Degitz, S. J., Williams, A. J., and Ankley, G. T. (2018). Evidence for cross species extrapolation of mammalian-based high-throughput screening assay results. Environ. Sci. Technol. 52, 13960–13971.

Noyes, P. D., Hinton, D. E., and Stapleton, H. M. (2011). Accumulation and debromination of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) in juvenile fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) induces thyroid disruption and liver alterations. Toxicol. Sci. 122, 265–274.

Olker, J. H., Korte, J. J., Denny, J. S., Hartig, P. C., Cardon, M. C., Knutsen, C. N., Kent, P. M., Christensen, J. P., Degitz, S. J., and Hornung, M. W. (2019). Screening the ToxCast phase 1, phase 2, and e1k chemical libraries for inhibitors of iodothyronine deiodinases. Toxicol. Sci. 168, 430–442.

Rosene, M. L., Wittmann, G., Arrojo E Drigo, R., Singru, P. S., Lechan, R. M., and Bianco, A. C. (2010). Inhibition of the type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase underlies the elevated plasma TSH associated with amiodarone treatment. Endocrinology 151, 5961–5970.

Schneider, M. J., Fiering, S. N., Pallud, S. E., Parlow, A. F., St. Germain, D. L., and Galton, V. A. (2001). Targeted disruption of the type 2 selenodeiodinase gene (DIO2) results in a phenotype of pituitary resistance to T4. Mol. Endocrinol. 15, 2137–2148.

Stinckens, E., Vergauwen, L., Ankley, G. T., Blust, R., Darras, V. M., Villeneuve, D. L., Witters, H., Volz, D. C., and Knapen, D. (2018). An AOP-based alternative testing strategy to predict the impact of thyroid hormone disruption on swim bladder inflation in zebrafish. Aquat. Toxicol. 200, 1–12.

Stinckens, E., Vergauwen, L., Blackwell, B. R., Ankley, G. T., Villeneuve, D. L., and Knapen, D. (2020). Effect of thyroperoxidase and deiodinase inhibition on anterior swim bladder inflation in the zebrafish. Environ. Sci. Technol. 54, 6213–6223.

Walpita, C. N., Crawford, A. D., and Darras, V. M. (2010). Combined antisense knockdown of type 1 and type 2 iodothyronine deiodinases disrupts embryonic development in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 166, 134–141.