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Relationship: 1803

Title

A descriptive phrase which clearly defines the two KEs being considered and the sequential relationship between them (i.e., which is upstream, and which is downstream). More help

Reduced neural crest cell migration leads to Reduced collagen production

Upstream event

The causing Key Event (KE) in a Key Event Relationship (KER). More help

Reduced neural crest cell migration

Downstream event

The responding Key Event (KE) in a Key Event Relationship (KER). More help

Reduced collagen production

Key Event Relationship Overview

The utility of AOPs for regulatory application is defined, to a large extent, by the confidence and precision with which they facilitate extrapolation of data measured at low levels of biological organisation to predicted outcomes at higher levels of organisation and the extent to which they can link biological effect measurements to their specific causes.Within the AOP framework, the predictive relationships that facilitate extrapolation are represented by the KERs. Consequently, the overall WoE for an AOP is a reflection in part, of the level of confidence in the underlying series of KERs it encompasses. Therefore, describing the KERs in an AOP involves assembling and organising the types of information and evidence that defines the scientific basis for inferring the probable change in, or state of, a downstream KE from the known or measured state of an upstream KE. More help

AOPs Referencing Relationship

AOP Name	Adjacency	Weight of Evidence	Quantitative Understanding	Point of Contact	Author Status	OECD Status
Histone deacetylase inhibition leads to impeded craniofacial development	adjacent	Not Specified	Not Specified	Marvin Martens (send email)	Under Development: Contributions and Comments Welcome

Taxonomic Applicability

Latin or common names of a species or broader taxonomic grouping (e.g., class, order, family) that help to define the biological applicability domain of the KER.In general, this will be dictated by the more restrictive of the two KEs being linked together by the KER. More help

Sex Applicability

An indication of the the relevant sex for this KER. More help

Life Stage Applicability

An indication of the the relevant life stage(s) for this KER. More help

Key Event Relationship Description

Provides a concise overview of the information given below as well as addressing details that aren’t inherent in the description of the KEs themselves. More help

Post-migratory NCCs form the progenitor population from which collagen-secreting chondrocytes develop. NCCs are progenitors of several different tissues and cell types, and their precise fate is regulated in a complex manner with influences from surrounding epithelial tissues (Bhatt et al., 2013). The migration and condensation of NCCs at their proper location is a prerequisite to their differentiation and collagen production.

Evidence Collection Strategy

Include a description of the approach for identification and assembly of the evidence base for the KER. For evidence identification, include, for example, a description of the sources and dates of information consulted including expert knowledge, databases searched and associated search terms/strings. Include also a description of study screening criteria and methodology, study quality assessment considerations, the data extraction strategy and links to any repositories/databases of relevant references.Tabular summaries and links to relevant supporting documentation are encouraged, wherever possible. More help

Evidence Supporting this KER

Addresses the scientific evidence supporting KERs in an AOP setting the stage for overall assessment of the AOP. More help

Biological Plausibility

Addresses the biological rationale for a connection between KEupstream and KEdownstream. This field can also incorporate additional mechanistic details that help inform the relationship between KEs, this is useful when it is not practical/pragmatic to represent these details as separate KEs due to the difficulty or relative infrequency with which it is likely to be measured. More help

The ultimate fate of the multipotent NCCs is only settled after migration and is controlled in a complex interplay of intrinsic and external signal cues. The overall migration patterns are well established and are conserved across vertebrates (Kulesa et al., 2004). Though the regulation is complex and there are gaps in our understanding, factors governing the overall NCC migration patterns and chondrogenic differentiation are fairly well understood (Bhatt et al., 2013; Hall, 2014). The defining trait of differentiated chondrocytes is the expression of collagen 2a, controlled by the transcription factor Sox9 (Ng et al., 1997; Mori-Akiyama et al., 2003). Sox9 is again controlled in a tissue-dependent manner through the actions of Hox genes and fibroblast growth factors (Trainor and Krumlauf, 2001) in order to define the structural features of the face.

Empirical Evidence

Provides specific (citable) evidence that supports the idea of a change in the upstream KE (KEupstream) leading to, or being associated with, a subsequent change in the downstream KE (KEdownstream), assuming the perturbation of KEupstream is sufficient. More help

In palatal development it has been shown that suppressed cranial NCC migration and subsequent reductions in NCC populations fail to recover at the post-migratory stage and that this suppressed NCC phenotype correlates with later cartilaginous defects (DeLaurier et al., 2012).

Uncertainties and Inconsistencies

Addresses inconsistencies or uncertainties in the relationship including the identification of experimental details that may explain apparent deviations from the expected patterns of concordance. More help

Critical numbers of NCC migrating to their destination has been shown to be an important factor in the development of other NCC derived tissues and cell systems (Barlow et al., 2008), but, to the best of our knowledge, this has not been shown directly in facial cartilage development.

Known modulating factors

This table captures specific information on the MF, its properties, how it affects the KER and respective references.1.) What is the modulating factor? Name the factor for which solid evidence exists that it influences this KER. Examples: age, sex, genotype, diet 2.) Details of this modulating factor. Specify which features of this MF are relevant for this KER. Examples: a specific age range or a specific biological age (defined by...); a specific gene mutation or variant, a specific nutrient (deficit or surplus); a sex-specific homone; a certain threshold value (e.g. serum levels of a chemical above...) 3.) Description of how this modulating factor affects this KER. Describe the provable modification of the KER (also quantitatively, if known). Examples: increase or decrease of the magnitude of effect (by a factor of...); change of the time-course of the effect (onset delay by...); alteration of the probability of the effect; increase or decrease of the sensitivity of the downstream effect (by a factor of...) 4.) Provision of supporting scientific evidence for an effect of this MF on this KER. Give a list of references. More help

Quantitative Understanding of the Linkage

Captures information that helps to define how much change in the upstream KE, and/or for how long, is needed to elicit a detectable and defined change in the downstream KE. More help

Response-response Relationship

Provides sources of data that define the response-response relationships between the KEs. More help

Time-scale

Information regarding the approximate time-scale of the changes in KEdownstream relative to changes in KEupstream (i.e., do effects on KEdownstream lag those on KEupstream by seconds, minutes, hours, or days?). More help

Known Feedforward/Feedback loops influencing this KER

Define whether there are known positive or negative feedback mechanisms involved and what is understood about their time-course and homeostatic limits. More help

Domain of Applicability

A free-text section of the KER description that the developers can use to explain their rationale for the taxonomic, life stage, or sex applicability structured terms. More help

References

List of the literature that was cited for this KER description. More help

Bhatt, S., Diaz, R., Trainor, P. a, Wu, D.K., Kelley, M.W., Tam, P.L., et al. (2013), Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 5: 1–20.

DeLaurier, A., Nakamura, Y., Braasch, I., Khanna, V., Kato, H., Wakitani, S., et al. (2012), BMC Dev Biol 12: 16.

Hall, B.K. (2014), Am J Med Genet Part A 164: 884–891.

Kulesa, P., Ellies, D.L., and Trainor, P.A. (2004), Dev Dyn 229: 14–29.

Mori-Akiyama, Y., Akiyama, H., Rowitch, D.H., and Crombrugghe, B. de (2003), Proc Natl Acad Sci 100: 9360–9365

Ng, L.-J., Wheatley, S., Muscat, G.E.., Conway-Campbell, J., Bowles, J., Wright, E., et al. (1997), Dev Biol 183: 108–121

Trainor, P.A., and Krumlauf, R. (2001), Curr Opin Cell Biol 13: 698–705.