This Event is licensed under the Creative Commons BY-SA license. This license allows reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format, so long as attribution is given to the creator. The license allows for commercial use. If you remix, adapt, or build upon the material, you must license the modified material under identical terms.
Event: 1504
Key Event Title
p21 (CDKN1A) expression, increase
Short name
Biological Context
Level of Biological Organization |
---|
Cellular |
Cell term
Cell term |
---|
cell |
Organ term
Organ term |
---|
organ |
Key Event Components
Process | Object | Action |
---|---|---|
positive regulation of gene expression | cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor | increased |
Key Event Overview
AOPs Including This Key Event
Taxonomic Applicability
Term | Scientific Term | Evidence | Link |
---|---|---|---|
Homo sapiens | Homo sapiens | High | NCBI |
Life Stages
Life stage | Evidence |
---|---|
Not Otherwise Specified | Moderate |
Sex Applicability
Term | Evidence |
---|---|
Unspecific | High |
Key Event Description
p21 (CDKN1A; cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A) binds to and inhibits the activity of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 or cyclin-dependent kinase 4 complexes, and regulates cell cycle progression in G1 phase. p21 is important for cell cycle regulation.
How It Is Measured or Detected
The p21 mRNA is measured with real-time RT-PCR technique using primers for p21 [Dayan, 2014]. Gene expression of p21 is measured with microarray technique using gene chips after cDNA preparation from total RNA extracted from the samples [Glaser, 2003, Hoshino, 2007]. Protein level of p21 is measured with Western blot analysis using anti-p21 antibody [Parajuli, 2014, Glaser, 2003].
Domain of Applicability
The p21 up-regulation by HDIs is well conserved between species from lower organism to mammals.
・FK228, a HDAC inhibitor, up-regulated p21 level in human esophageal cancer TE2 cells (Homo sapiens) [Hoshino, 2007].
・MAA, a HDAC inhibitor, induced p21 up-regulation in human prostate cancer cell lines (Homo sapiens) [Parajuli, 2014].
・MAA increases p21 expression in human bladder carcinoma cells, T24 (Homo sapiens) [Glaser, 2003].
・MAA up-regulated p21 expression in limbs of CD1 embryonic mice (Mus musculus) [Dayan, 2014].
References
Dayan C and Hales BF. (2014) Effects of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether and its metabolite, 2-methoxyacetic acid, on organogenesis stage mouse limbs in vitro. Birth Defects Res (Part B) 101:254-261
Glaser KB et al. (2003) Gene expression profiling of multiple histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors: defining a common gene set produced by HDAC inhibition in T24 and MDA carcinoma cell lines. Mol Cancer Ther 2:151-163
Hoshino I et al. (2007) Gene expression profiling induced by histone deacetylase inhibitor, FK228, in human esophageal squamous cancer cells. Oncol Rep 18:585-592
Parajuli KR et al. (2014) Methoxyacetic acid suppresses prostate cancer cell growth by inducing growth arrest and apoptosis. Am J Clin Exp Urol 2:300-313