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Event: 1583

Key Event Title

A descriptive phrase which defines a discrete biological change that can be measured. More help

Sensory axonal peripheral neuropathy

Short name

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Biological Context

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Level of Biological Organization
Individual

Key Event Components

The KE, as defined by a set structured ontology terms consisting of a biological process, object, and action with each term originating from one of 14 biological ontologies (Ives, et al., 2017; https://aopwiki.org/info_pages/2/info_linked_pages/7#List). Biological process describes dynamics of the underlying biological system (e.g., receptor signalling).Biological process describes dynamics of the underlying biological system (e.g., receptor signaling). The biological object is the subject of the perturbation (e.g., a specific biological receptor that is activated or inhibited). Action represents the direction of perturbation of this system (generally increased or decreased; e.g., ‘decreased’ in the case of a receptor that is inhibited to indicate a decrease in the signaling by that receptor). Note that when editing Event Components, clicking an existing Event Component from the Suggestions menu will autopopulate these fields, along with their source ID and description. To clear any fields before submitting the event component, use the 'Clear process,' 'Clear object,' or 'Clear action' buttons. If a desired term does not exist, a new term request may be made via Term Requests. Event components may not be edited; to edit an event component, remove the existing event component and create a new one using the terms that you wish to add. Further information on Event Components and Biological Context may be viewed on the attached pdf. More help

Key Event Overview

AOPs Including This Key Event

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AOP Name	Role of event in AOP	Point of Contact	Author Status
Microtubule interacting drugs lead to peripheral neuropathy	AdverseOutcome	Marvin Martens (send email)	Under development: Not open for comment. Do not cite
Organo-Phosphate Chemicals leading to sensory axonal peripheral neuropathy and mortality	AdverseOutcome	SAROJ AMAR (send email)	Under development: Not open for comment. Do not cite
elavl3, sox10, mbp induced neuronal effects	KeyEvent	Donggon Yoo (send email)	Under development: Not open for comment. Do not cite

Taxonomic Applicability

Latin or common names of a species or broader taxonomic grouping (e.g., class, order, family) that help to define the biological applicability domain of the KE.In many cases, individual species identified in these structured fields will be those for which the strongest evidence used in constructing the AOP was available in relation to this KE. More help

Life Stages

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Sex Applicability

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Key Event Description

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The peripheral nervous system (PNS) connects the central nervous system with peripheral tissues and can be divided into the visceral and the somatic nervous system.The somatic nervous system consists of sensory and motor neurons. While the motor neurons control the contraction of skeletal muscles, the sensory neurons receive information from joints, muscles and skin and send it to the CNS. Motor neuron cell bodies lie in the spinal cord but cell bodies of the sensory neurons are located in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG). In contrast to the central nervous system (CNS), the PNS is not protected by the blood-brain-barrier, the skull or the spinal column and is therefore highly vulnerable to toxicants and mechanical damage. [1] However, the PNS neurons exhibits a greater ability of regeneration compared to neurons of the CNS. [2]

Peripheral neuropathies mostly affect sensory neurons in a length-dependent manner and therefore are characterized by a stocking-and-glove distribution of the symptoms. Sensory symptoms occurring upon taxol treatment are for example numbness and paresthesia. [3-6] Reversibility of neuropathy upon discontinuation of treatment is reported. [7]

How It Is Measured or Detected

A description of the type(s) of measurements that can be employed to evaluate the KE and the relative level of scientific confidence in those measurements.These can range from citation of specific validated test guidelines, citation of specific methods published in the peer reviewed literature, or outlines of a general protocol or approach (e.g., a protein may be measured by ELISA). Do not provide detailed protocols. More help

- Retrospective study: Patients are interviewed after chemotherapy treatment and symptoms are assessed. [8, 9]

- Abnormal pin perception: Measurement of the distance in centimeters from the tip of the great toe or index finger to a level where normal pin sensation was sensed.

- Abnormalities in vibration and position sensation: Measurement at distal phalanx of the great toe or index finger. [9, 10]

- Reductions in strength of toe extensors, index finger abductors, arm abductors, hip flexors, foot dorsiflexors: Measurement by using the MRC scale and dynamometer [9, 10]

- Nerve conduction studies: Electrophysiological measurement of nerve conduction amplitudes and velocities in sensory neurons [9, 10]

- Quantitative sensory testing of vibratory threshold: Measurement of vibratory latency in seconds between the patient and the examiner in toes and fingers. [9, 10] Automated measurement using e.g. ‘Vibration 2’ (Physitemp Instruments Inc., Clifton NJ) which can be adjusted to different vibration amplitudes and records vibration units. [6]

- Quantitative sensory testing of thermal threshold: Using the Thermal Sensitivity Tester or NTE-2 (Physitemp Instruments Inc., Clifton NJ), the ability to discriminate small temperature differences at the index finger or the great toe can be quantified. [6, 11, 12]

- Sural nerve biopsy: A part of the sural nerve (some millimetres) is removed, fixed and investigated via light or electron microscopy. [13]

Domain of Applicability

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Regulatory Significance of the Adverse Outcome

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References

List of the literature that was cited for this KE description. More help

1. Benoy V. , d.Y.C., Van Den Bosch L. , Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease and other peripheral neuropathies, in Young Perspectives for Old Diseases, M.H. G., Editor. 2015, Bentham Science Publishers. p. pp. 269-325.

2. Yiu, G. and Z. He, Glial inhibition of CNS axon regeneration. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2006. 7: p. 617.

3. Rowinsky, E.K., et al., Neurotoxicity of Taxol. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr, 1993(15): p. 107-15.

4. Rowinsky , E.K. and R.C. Donehower Paclitaxel (Taxol). New England Journal of Medicine, 1995. 332(15): p. 1004-1014.

5. Donehower, R.C., et al., Phase I trial of taxol in patients with advanced cancer. Cancer treatment reports, 1987. 71(12): p. 1171-1177.

6. Forsyth, P.a., et al., Prospective study of paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy with quantitative sensory testing. Journal of Neuro-Oncology, 1997. 35(1): p. 47-53.

7. Brown, T., et al., A phase I trial of taxol given by a 6-hour intravenous infusion. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 1991. 9(7): p. 1261-1267.

8. Pignata, S., et al., Residual neurotoxicity in ovarian cancer patients in clinical remission after first-line chemotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel: The Multicenter Italian Trial in Ovarian cancer (MITO-4) retrospective study. BMC Cancer, 2006. 6(1): p. 5.

9. Rowinsky, E.K., et al., Sequences of taxol and cisplatin: a phase I and pharmacologic study. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 1991. 9(9): p. 1692-1703.

10. Chaudhry, V., et al., Peripheral neuropathy from taxol and cisplatin combination chemotherapy: Clinical and electrophysiological studies. Annals of Neurology, 1994. 35(3): p. 304-311.

11. Arezzo, J.C., H.H. Schaumburg, and C. Laudadio, Thermal Sensitivity Tester: Device for Quantitative Assessment of Thermal Sense in Diabetic Neuropathy. Diabetes, 1986. 35(5): p. 590-592.

12. Wiernik, P.H., et al., Phase I Clinical and Pharmacokinetic Study of Taxol. Cancer Research, 1987. 47(9): p. 2486-2493.

13. Behse, F., F. Buchthal, and F. Carlsen, Nerve biopsy and conduction studies in diabetic neuropathy. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 1977. 40(11): p. 1072-1082.