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Event: 2205

Key Event Title

A descriptive phrase which defines a discrete biological change that can be measured. More help

Increased, essential element imbalance

Short name

The KE short name should be a reasonable abbreviation of the KE title and is used in labelling this object throughout the AOP-Wiki. More help

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Biological Context

Structured terms, selected from a drop-down menu, are used to identify the level of biological organization for each KE. More help

Level of Biological Organization
Molecular

Cell term

The location/biological environment in which the event takes place.The biological context describes the location/biological environment in which the event takes place. For molecular/cellular events this would include the cellular context (if known), organ context, and species/life stage/sex for which the event is relevant. For tissue/organ events cellular context is not applicable. For individual/population events, the organ context is not applicable. Further information on Event Components and Biological Context may be viewed on the attached pdf. More help

Organ term

Organ term
testis

Key Event Components

The KE, as defined by a set structured ontology terms consisting of a biological process, object, and action with each term originating from one of 14 biological ontologies (Ives, et al., 2017; https://aopwiki.org/info_pages/2/info_linked_pages/7#List). Biological process describes dynamics of the underlying biological system (e.g., receptor signalling).Biological process describes dynamics of the underlying biological system (e.g., receptor signaling). The biological object is the subject of the perturbation (e.g., a specific biological receptor that is activated or inhibited). Action represents the direction of perturbation of this system (generally increased or decreased; e.g., ‘decreased’ in the case of a receptor that is inhibited to indicate a decrease in the signaling by that receptor). Note that when editing Event Components, clicking an existing Event Component from the Suggestions menu will autopopulate these fields, along with their source ID and description. To clear any fields before submitting the event component, use the 'Clear process,' 'Clear object,' or 'Clear action' buttons. If a desired term does not exist, a new term request may be made via Term Requests. Event components may not be edited; to edit an event component, remove the existing event component and create a new one using the terms that you wish to add. Further information on Event Components and Biological Context may be viewed on the attached pdf. More help

Key Event Overview

AOPs Including This Key Event

All of the AOPs that are linked to this KE will automatically be listed in this subsection. This table can be particularly useful for derivation of AOP networks including the KE.Clicking on the name of the AOP will bring you to the individual page for that AOP. More help

AOP Name	Role of event in AOP	Point of Contact	Author Status	OECD Status
Essential element imbalance leads to reproductive failure via oxidative stress	MolecularInitiatingEvent	Travis Karschnik (send email)	Under development: Not open for comment. Do not cite

Taxonomic Applicability

Latin or common names of a species or broader taxonomic grouping (e.g., class, order, family) that help to define the biological applicability domain of the KE.In many cases, individual species identified in these structured fields will be those for which the strongest evidence used in constructing the AOP was available in relation to this KE. More help

Term	Scientific Term	Evidence	Link
Murinae gen. sp.	Murinae gen. sp.	High	NCBI

Life Stages

An indication of the the relevant life stage(s) for this KE. More help

Life stage	Evidence
Adult	High
All life stages

Sex Applicability

An indication of the the relevant sex for this KE. More help

Term	Evidence
Male	High
Unspecific

Key Event Description

A description of the biological state being observed or measured, the biological compartment in which it is measured, and its general role in the biology should be provided. More help

Essential microminerals involved in the formation of structural and intioxidant enzymes are susceptible to disruption, inhibiting body homeostasis (da Silva et al., 2021; Soetan et al., 2010; Gupta and Gupta 2014). A relationship between between certain essential elements and normal testicular development and spermatogensis has been indicated. (Kowal et al., 2010; Liu et al., 2016; do Carmo Cupertino 2017). Further, essential element imbalance can be associated with gonadal dysfunction, microstructural and functional testis damag,e and reproductive disorders (Soetan et al., 2010, Bindari et al., 2013, do Carmo Cupertino 2017).

How It Is Measured or Detected

A description of the type(s) of measurements that can be employed to evaluate the KE and the relative level of scientific confidence in those measurements.These can range from citation of specific validated test guidelines, citation of specific methods published in the peer reviewed literature, or outlines of a general protocol or approach (e.g., a protein may be measured by ELISA). Do not provide detailed protocols. More help

Methods include X-ray emission, secondary ion emission and electron energy loss analysis. Although X-ray microanalysis is the most used method, many biological problems cannot be solved because of its relatively low sensitivity and inability to analyze light elements. New possibilities are offered by Secondary Ion Mass Analysis and Electron Energy Loss Analysis. Analysis by secondary ion emission permits the study of elements at low and even trace element concentration, and even the lightest elements such as hydrogen and beryllium are detected. Electron Energy Loss Analysis makes possible the study of very small volumes, less than 500 A in diameter (Galle et al., 1979).

Domain of Applicability

A description of the scientific basis for the indicated domains of applicability and the WoE calls (if provided). More help

Taxonomic applicability: AOP521 is focused on murine models but element imbalance and micromineral mimicry are not limited to this taxon.

Life stage applicability: AOP521 is focused on the adult life stage but element imbalance and micromineral mimicry are not limited to this life stage.

Sex applicability: AOP521 is focused on the Male sex but element imbalance and micromineral mimicry are not limited to this sex.

In vitro data is used to support these domains.

References

List of the literature that was cited for this KE description. More help

Bindari, Y. R., Shrestha, S., Shrestha, N., & Gaire, T. N. (2013). Effects of nutrition on reproduction-A review. Advances in Applied Science Research, 4(1), 421-429.

da Silva, J., Goncalves, R. V., de Melo, F. C. S. A., Sarandy, M. M., & da Matta, S. L. P. (2021). Cadmium exposure and testis susceptibility: A systematic review in murine models. Biological Trace Element Research, 199(7), 2663-2676.

do Carmo Cupertino, M., Novaes, R. D., Santos, E. C., Bastos, D. S. S., Dos Santos, D. C. M., Fialho, M. D. C. Q., & da Matta, S. L. P. (2017). Cadmium-induced testicular damage is associated with mineral imbalance, increased antioxidant enzymes activity and protein oxidation in rats. Life sciences, 175, 23-30.

Galle, P., Berry, J. P., & Lefevre, R. (1979). Microanalysis in biology and medicine. A review of results obtained with three microanalytical methods. Scanning Electron Microscopy, (2), 703-710.

Gupta, U. C., & Gupta, S. C. (2014). Sources and deficiency diseases of mineral nutrients in human health and nutrition: a review. Pedosphere, 24(1), 13-38.

Kowal, M., Lenartowicz, M., Pecio, A., Gołas, A., Błaszkiewicz, T., & Styrna, J. (2010). Copper metabolism disorders affect testes structure and gamete quality in male mice. Systems biology in reproductive medicine, 56(6), 431-444.

Liu, J. Y., Yang, X., Sun, X. D., Zhuang, C. C., Xu, F. B., & Li, Y. F. (2016). Suppressive effects of copper sulfate accumulation on the spermatogenesis of rats. Biological trace element research, 174, 356-361.

Soetan, K. O., Olaiya, C. O., & Oyewole, O. E. (2010). The importance of mineral elements for humans, domestic animals and plants: A review. African journal of food science, 4(5), 200-222.