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Event: 2261

Key Event Title

A descriptive phrase which defines a discrete biological change that can be measured. More help

Decreased, blood plasma volume

Short name

The KE short name should be a reasonable abbreviation of the KE title and is used in labelling this object throughout the AOP-Wiki. More help

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Biological Context

Structured terms, selected from a drop-down menu, are used to identify the level of biological organization for each KE. More help

Level of Biological Organization
Tissue

Organ term

The location/biological environment in which the event takes place.The biological context describes the location/biological environment in which the event takes place. For molecular/cellular events this would include the cellular context (if known), organ context, and species/life stage/sex for which the event is relevant. For tissue/organ events cellular context is not applicable. For individual/population events, the organ context is not applicable. Further information on Event Components and Biological Context may be viewed on the attached pdf. More help

Key Event Components

The KE, as defined by a set structured ontology terms consisting of a biological process, object, and action with each term originating from one of 14 biological ontologies (Ives, et al., 2017; https://aopwiki.org/info_pages/2/info_linked_pages/7#List). Biological process describes dynamics of the underlying biological system (e.g., receptor signalling).Biological process describes dynamics of the underlying biological system (e.g., receptor signaling). The biological object is the subject of the perturbation (e.g., a specific biological receptor that is activated or inhibited). Action represents the direction of perturbation of this system (generally increased or decreased; e.g., ‘decreased’ in the case of a receptor that is inhibited to indicate a decrease in the signaling by that receptor). Note that when editing Event Components, clicking an existing Event Component from the Suggestions menu will autopopulate these fields, along with their source ID and description. To clear any fields before submitting the event component, use the 'Clear process,' 'Clear object,' or 'Clear action' buttons. If a desired term does not exist, a new term request may be made via Term Requests. Event components may not be edited; to edit an event component, remove the existing event component and create a new one using the terms that you wish to add. Further information on Event Components and Biological Context may be viewed on the attached pdf. More help

Process	Object	Action
blood circulation	blood plasma	decreased

Key Event Overview

AOPs Including This Key Event

All of the AOPs that are linked to this KE will automatically be listed in this subsection. This table can be particularly useful for derivation of AOP networks including the KE.Clicking on the name of the AOP will bring you to the individual page for that AOP. More help

AOP Name	Role of event in AOP	Point of Contact	Author Status	OECD Status
Decreased Na/K ATPase activity leads to Heart failure	KeyEvent	John Frisch (send email)	Under development: Not open for comment. Do not cite

Taxonomic Applicability

Latin or common names of a species or broader taxonomic grouping (e.g., class, order, family) that help to define the biological applicability domain of the KE.In many cases, individual species identified in these structured fields will be those for which the strongest evidence used in constructing the AOP was available in relation to this KE. More help

Term	Scientific Term	Evidence	Link
Animals	Metazoa	High	NCBI

Life Stages

An indication of the the relevant life stage(s) for this KE. More help

Life stage	Evidence
All life stages	High

Sex Applicability

An indication of the the relevant sex for this KE. More help

Term	Evidence
Unspecific	High

Key Event Description

A description of the biological state being observed or measured, the biological compartment in which it is measured, and its general role in the biology should be provided. More help

Decreased blood plasma volume can be due to a variety of factors (Sawka et al. 2002) including:

Dehydration/excessive sweating
Hemorrhage or other fluid loss due to trauma
Hypertension
Increased ion concentration/osmoregulation

Osmoregulation refers to the active regulation of fluid volume and concentration of ions, because without regulation water molecules move from high water concentration (low ion concentration) to low water concentration (high ion concentration). Abnormal osmoregulation represents a loss of normal homeostatic conditions of ion concentrations and fluid volume, often due to a stressor. Organisms use active transport and diffusion to regulate ion concentrations through intake rates, and the ion concentration/fluid balance based on frequency and ion concentrations in excretion (ex. urine). As ion concentration increases, plasma volume decreases because of the osmotic gradient created, resulting in water moving from blood vessels to surrounding tissues.

How It Is Measured or Detected

A description of the type(s) of measurements that can be employed to evaluate the KE and the relative level of scientific confidence in those measurements.These can range from citation of specific validated test guidelines, citation of specific methods published in the peer reviewed literature, or outlines of a general protocol or approach (e.g., a protein may be measured by ELISA). Do not provide detailed protocols. More help

Blood plasma volume can be measured directly by Evans blue dye or radio isotopes (Milligan and Wood 1982; Sawka et al. 2002) and is often reported in mL/Kg. Hematocrit values are often used as an indirect measure of blood plasma volume (Gordon et al. 2003) via automated cell counters and subsequent calculation. Specific ion concentrations can be measured via ion chromatography, spectrophotometry, or enzyme assays (Buzanovskii 2016).

Domain of Applicability

A description of the scientific basis for the indicated domains of applicability and the WoE calls (if provided). More help

Life Stage: Applies to all life stages.

Sex: Applies to both males and females.

Taxonomic: Present broadly in animals with plasma.

References

List of the literature that was cited for this KE description. More help

Buzanovskii, V.A. 2016. Ion chromatography, spectrophotometry, titrimetry, and gravimetry measurements of sodium concentration in the blood. Measurement Techniques 59(6): 678-683.

Gordon, C.J., Fogarty, A.L., Greenleaf, J.E., Taylor, N.A.S., and Stocks, J.M. 2003. Direct and indirect methods for determining plasma volume during thermoneutral and cold-water immersion. European Journal of Applied Physiology 89: 471–474.

Milligan, C.L. and Wood, C.M. 1982. Disturbances in haematology, fluid volume distribution and circulatory function associated with low environmental pH in the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. Journal of Experimental Biology 99: 397-415.

Sawka, M.N., Convertino, V.A., Eichner, E.R., Schnieder, S.M., and Young, A.J. 2000. Blood volume: importance and adaptations to exercise training, environmental stresses, and trauma/sickness. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 32(2): 332-348.

NOTE: Italics indicate edits from John Frisch September 2024.