API
Event: 986
Key Event Title
Short name
Increase, Increased susceptibility to infectionBiological Context
| Level of Biological Organization |
|---|
| Individual |
Key Event Components
| Process | Object | Action |
|---|
Key Event Overview
AOPs Including This Key Event
| AOP Name | Role of event in AOP |
|---|---|
| IL-1 inhibition | AdverseOutcome |
Stressors
Taxonomic Applicability
| Term | Scientific Term | Evidence | Link | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Homo sapiens | Homo sapiens | High | NCBI | |
| Mus musculus | Mus musculus | High | NCBI | |
| Rattus norvegicus | Rattus norvegicus | High | NCBI |
Life Stages
| Life stage | Evidence |
|---|---|
| All life stages | High |
Sex Applicability
| Term | Evidence |
|---|---|
| Unspecific | High |
Key Event Description
Impaired IL-1 signaling caused by blocking of IL-1 receptor increase susceptibility to infection.
How It Is Measured or Detected
By comparison of the incidence of infection between individuals exposed to stressors and non-exposed individuals.
Domain of Applicability
Although sex differences in immune responses are well known (Klein and Flanagan, 2016), there is no reports regarding the sex difference in IL-1 production, IL-1 function or susceptibility to infection as adverse effect of IL-1 blocking agent. Again, age-dependent difference in IL-1 signaling is not known.
The IL1B gene is conserved in chimpanzee, Rhesus monkey, dog, cow, mouse, rat, and frog (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/homologene/481), and the Myd88 gene is conserved in human, chimpanzee, Rhesus monkey, dog, cow, rat, chicken, zebrafish, mosquito, and frog (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/homologene?Db=homologene&Cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=1849).
These data suggest that the proposed AOP regarding inhibition of IL-1 signaling is not dependent on life stage, sex, age or species.
Evidence for Perturbation by Stressor
Regulatory Significance of the Adverse Outcome
It is crucial to notice chemicals that potentially induce immunosuppression leading to increased susceptibility to infection in public health.
References
Klein, S.L., Flanagan, K.L., 2016. Sex differences in immune responses. Nat Rev Immunol 16, 626-638.