API
Event: 986
Key Event Title
Short name
Increase, Increased susceptibility to infectionBiological Context
| Level of Biological Organization |
|---|
| Individual |
Key Event Components
| Process | Object | Action |
|---|
Key Event Overview
AOPs Including This Key Event
| AOP Name | Role of event in AOP |
|---|---|
| IL-1 inhibition | AdverseOutcome |
Stressors
| Name |
|---|
| IL-1 receptor antagonist（IL-1Ra）(Anakinra) |
| anti-IL-1b antibody (Canakinumab) |
| soluble IL-1R (Rilonacept) |
Taxonomic Applicability
| Term | Scientific Term | Evidence | Link | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Homo sapiens | Homo sapiens | High | NCBI | |
| Mus musculus | Mus musculus | High | NCBI | |
| Rattus norvegicus | Rattus norvegicus | High | NCBI |
Life Stages
| Life stage | Evidence |
|---|---|
| All life stages | High |
Sex Applicability
| Term | Evidence |
|---|---|
| Unspecific | High |
Key Event Description
The protection of host against microbial infection depends on both innate and acquired immunity. In particular, both T cell and antibody production by B cells play a principal role.
How It Is Measured or Detected
By comparison of the incidence of infection between individuals exposed to stressors and non-exposed individuals.
Domain of Applicability
The increased susceptibility to infection caused by IL-1RA or anti-IL-1 antibody has been reported in both humans and mice. (Fleischmann et al., 2003; De Benedetti et al., 2018; Hirsch et al., 1996)
Evidence for Perturbation by Stressor
Regulatory Significance of the Adverse Outcome
It is crucial to notice chemicals that potentially induce immunosuppression leading to increased susceptibility to infection in public health.
References
De Benedetti, F., Gattorno, M., Anton, J., et al., 2018. Canakinumab for the Treatment of Autoinflammatory Recurrent Fever Syndromes. N Engl J Med 378, 1908-1919.
Fleischmann, R.M., Schechtman, J., Bennett, R., et al., 2003. Anakinra, a recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (r-metHuIL-1ra), in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A large, international, multicenter, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum 48, 927-934.
Hirsch, E., Irikura, V.M., Paul, S.M., et al., 1996. Functions of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist in gene knockout and overproducing mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93, 11008-11013.