Relationship: 1851
Title
Upstream event
Oxidation/denatuation of membrane proteinsDownstream event
Inflammatory events
Key Event Relationship Overview
AOPs Referencing Relationship
| AOP Name | Adjacency | Weight of Evidence | Quantitative Understanding |
|---|---|---|---|
| Reactive oxygen species generated from photoreactive chemicals leading to phototoxic reactions | adjacent | High | Low |
Taxonomic Applicability
| Term | Scientific Term | Evidence | Link | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| human | Homo sapiens | High | NCBI |
Sex Applicability
| Sex | Evidence |
|---|---|
| Mixed | High |
Life Stage Applicability
| Term | Evidence |
|---|---|
| All life stages | High |
Key Event Relationship Description
Oxidation/denaturation of membrane proteins can lead to inflammatory events via oxidative damage of cellular membranes and increases in expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Necrosis in living tissues can be occurred as an inflammatory events via oxidative damages of membrane proteins.
Evidence Supporting this KER
Biological Plausibility
Oxidative damage of membrane proteins by photoactivated chemicals can cause oxidation and denaturation of proteins, and damaged proteins induces inflammatory events (necrosis) (Dalle Carbonare and Pathak, 1992, Opie, 1962).
Empirical Evidence
Denaturation of proteins induced necrosis and inflammatory in the skin (Opie, 1962).
Quantitative Understanding of the Linkage
Domain of Applicability
Chemicals: This KER applies to a wide range of chemicals. The chemicals generate ROS under exposure to light (290-700 nm) (ICH, 2014, Onoue and Tsuda, 2006).
Sex: This KER applies to both males and females.
Life stages: The relevant life stages for this KER are all life stages after born.
Taxonomic: This KER mainly applies to human.
References
Dalle Carbonare M, Pathak MA. Skin photosensitizing agents and the role of reactive oxygen species in photoaging. J Photochem Photobiol B. 1992;14:105-24.
ICH. ICH Guideline S10 Guidance on Photosafety Evaluation of Pharmaceuticals.: International Council on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use; 2014.
Onoue S, Tsuda Y. Analytical studies on the prediction of photosensitive/phototoxic potential of pharmaceutical substances. Pharmaceutical research. 2006;23:156-64.
Opie EL. On the relation of necrosis and inflammation to denaturation of proteins. The Journal of experimental medicine. 1962;115:597-608.