Stressor: 521

Title

To create a new stressor, from the Listing Stressors page at https://aopwiki.org/stressors click ‘New stressor.’ This will bring you to a page entitled “New Stressor” where a stressor title can be entered. Click ‘Create stressor’ to create a new Stressor page listing the stressor title at the top. More help

Bisphenol A

Stressor Overview

The stressor field is a structured data field that can be used to annotate an AOP with standardised terms identifying stressors known to trigger the MIE/AOP. Most often these are chemical names selected from established chemical ontologies. However, depending on the information available, this could also refer to chemical categories (i.e., groups of chemicals with defined structural features known to trigger the MIE). It can also include non-chemical stressors such as genetic or environmental factors. More help

AOPs Including This Stressor

This table is automatically generated and lists the AOPs associated with this Stressor. More help

AOP Name	Evidence
Binding to estrogen receptor (ER)-α in immune cells leading to exacerbation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)	Moderate

Events Including This Stressor

This table is automatically generated and lists the Key Events associated with this Stressor. More help

Event Name
Binding to estrogen receptor (ER)-α in immune cells
Induction of GATA3 expression
Increase of Th2 cells producing IL-4
Increase of anti-DNA antibody from autoreactive B cell
Exacerbation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

Chemical Table

The Chemical Table lists chemicals associated with a stressor. This table contains information about the User’s term for a chemical, the DTXID, Preferred name, CAS number, JChem InChIKey, and Indigo InChIKey.To add a chemical associated with a particular stressor, next to the Chemical Table click ‘Add chemical.’ This will redirect you to a page entitled “New Stressor Chemical.’ The dialog box can be used to search for chemical by name, CAS number, JChem InChIKey, and Indigo InChIKey. Searching by these fields will bring forward a drop down list of existing stressor chemicals formatted as Preferred name, “CAS- preferred name,” “JChem InChIKey – preferred name,” or “Indigo InChIKey- preferred name,” depending on by which field you perform the search. It may take several moments for the drop down list to display. Select an entity from the drop down list and click ‘Add chemical.’ This will return you to the Stressor Page, where the new record should be in the ‘Chemical Table’ on the page.To remove a chemical associated with a particular stressor, in the Chemical Table next to the chemical you wish to delete, click ‘Remove’ and then click 'OK.' The chemical should no longer be visible in the Chemical table. More help

User term	DTXID	Preferred name	Casrn	jchem_inchi_key	indigo_inchi_key
Bisphenol A	DTXSID7020182	Bisphenol A	80-05-7	IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N	IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N

AOP Evidence

This table is automatically generated and includes the AOPs with this associated stressor as well as the evidence term and evidence text from this AOP Stressor. More help

Binding to estrogen receptor (ER)-α in immune cells leading to exacerbation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

There is no evidence text for this AOP

Event Evidence

This table is automatically generated and includes the Events with this associated stressor as well as the evidence text from this Event Stressor. More help

Binding to estrogen receptor (ER)-α in immune cells

There is no evidence text for this event.

Induction of GATA3 expression

GATA3 expression is induced in Th cells primed by dendritic cells exposed to BPA (Guo H. 2010). Purified naive T cells were cultured and expanded under Th1 culture conditions in the presence or absence of 0.3 μM 4-HT (Research Biochemicals Institute) for 2 weeks starting from days 1, 7, 14, or 21 (Kurata H. 1999).

Increase of Th2 cells producing IL-4

Mouse lymphocytes stimulated with a massive amount of BPA (50 μM) were Th2 polarized, with prominent elevation of IL-4 as well as IL-10 (Lee J. 2010). Similarly, BPA enhanced IL-4 production in antigen-activated T cells by ELISA or RT-PCR, although the concentrations of BPA that they utilized (10-50 μM) were high (Lee MH. 2003). In this experiment, IL-4 level is confirmed baseline when treated with anti-CD4 mAb. Exposure to BPA in adulthood mice promoted antigen-stimulated levels of IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13, but not IFN-γ (Huimin Y. 2008).

Increase of anti-DNA antibody from autoreactive B cell

BPA as well as E₂ and diethylstilbestrol (DES) enhanced anti-Br-RBC autoantibody production by B1 cells in vivo. IgM production by B1 cells in the presence of ED was more prominent on aged BWF1 mice developing lupus nephritis. (Yurino H. 2004).

In a murine model of SLE, BPA increased the number of B cells producing autoantibodies, and IgM antibody secretion by B1 cells was augmented (Yurino H. 2004).

To examine a direct effect of endocrine disruptors on IgM antibody production by B1 or B2 cells, B1 cells were prepared from peritoneal cells and B2 cells from spleen, B1 or B2 cells were cultured in the presence of endocrine disruptors (E₂: 100 nM, DES: 100 nM, BPA: 1 μM) for 4 days (Yurino H. 2004).

Exacerbation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

There is no evidence text for this event.

Stressor Info

Text sections under this subheading include the Chemical/Category Description and Characterization of Exposure. More help

Chemical/Category Description

To edit the Chemical/Category Description” section, on a KER page, in the upper right hand menu, click ‘Edit.’ This brings you to a page entitled, “Editing Stressor.” Scroll down to the “Chemical/Category Description” section, where a text entry box allows you to submit text. Click ‘Update’ to save your changes and return to the Stressor page. The new text should appear under the “Chemical/Category Description” section on the page. More help

Characterization of Exposure

To edit the “Characterization of Exposure” section, on a Stressor page, in the upper right hand menu, click ‘Edit.’ This brings you to a page entitled, “Editing Stressor.” Scroll down to the “Characterization of Exposure” section, where a text entry box allows you to submit text. Click ‘Update’ to save your changes and return to the Stressor page. The new text should appear under the “Characterization of Exposure” section on the page. More help

References

List of the literature that was cited for this Stressor description. Ideally, the list of references, should conform, to the extent possible, with the OECD Style Guide (https://www.oecd.org/about/publishing/OECD-Style-Guide-Third-Edition.pdf) (OECD, 2015).To edit the “References” section, on a Stressor page, in the upper right hand menu, click ‘Edit.’ This brings you to a page entitled, “Editing Stressor.” Scroll down to the “References” section, where a text entry box allows you to submit text. Click ‘Update’ to save your changes and return to the Stressor page. The new text should appear under the “References” section on the page. More help