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Event: 252

Key Event Title

A descriptive phrase which defines a discrete biological change that can be measured. More help

Increase, Renal pathology due to VTG deposition

Short name
The KE short name should be a reasonable abbreviation of the KE title and is used in labelling this object throughout the AOP-Wiki. More help
Increase, Renal pathology due to VTG deposition
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Biological Context

Structured terms, selected from a drop-down menu, are used to identify the level of biological organization for each KE. More help
Level of Biological Organization
Organ

Organ term

The location/biological environment in which the event takes place.The biological context describes the location/biological environment in which the event takes place.  For molecular/cellular events this would include the cellular context (if known), organ context, and species/life stage/sex for which the event is relevant. For tissue/organ events cellular context is not applicable.  For individual/population events, the organ context is not applicable.  Further information on Event Components and Biological Context may be viewed on the attached pdf. More help
Organ term
kidney

Key Event Components

The KE, as defined by a set structured ontology terms consisting of a biological process, object, and action with each term originating from one of 14 biological ontologies (Ives, et al., 2017; https://aopwiki.org/info_pages/2/info_linked_pages/7#List). Biological process describes dynamics of the underlying biological system (e.g., receptor signalling).Biological process describes dynamics of the underlying biological system (e.g., receptor signaling).  The biological object is the subject of the perturbation (e.g., a specific biological receptor that is activated or inhibited). Action represents the direction of perturbation of this system (generally increased or decreased; e.g., ‘decreased’ in the case of a receptor that is inhibited to indicate a decrease in the signaling by that receptor).  Note that when editing Event Components, clicking an existing Event Component from the Suggestions menu will autopopulate these fields, along with their source ID and description.  To clear any fields before submitting the event component, use the 'Clear process,' 'Clear object,' or 'Clear action' buttons.  If a desired term does not exist, a new term request may be made via Term Requests.  Event components may not be edited; to edit an event component, remove the existing event component and create a new one using the terms that you wish to add.  Further information on Event Components and Biological Context may be viewed on the attached pdf. More help
Process Object Action
Kidney Diseases increased

Key Event Overview

AOPs Including This Key Event

All of the AOPs that are linked to this KE will automatically be listed in this subsection. This table can be particularly useful for derivation of AOP networks including the KE.Clicking on the name of the AOP will bring you to the individual page for that AOP. More help
AOP Name Role of event in AOP Point of Contact Author Status OECD Status
Estrogen receptor agonism leading to reproductive dysfunction KeyEvent Undefined (send email) Under Development: Contributions and Comments Welcome
ER agonism leads to reduced survival/population growth KeyEvent Camille Baettig (send email) Under development: Not open for comment. Do not cite

Taxonomic Applicability

Latin or common names of a species or broader taxonomic grouping (e.g., class, order, family) that help to define the biological applicability domain of the KE.In many cases, individual species identified in these structured fields will be those for which the strongest evidence used in constructing the AOP was available in relation to this KE. More help

Life Stages

An indication of the the relevant life stage(s) for this KE. More help

Sex Applicability

An indication of the the relevant sex for this KE. More help

Key Event Description

A description of the biological state being observed or measured, the biological compartment in which it is measured, and its general role in the biology should be provided. More help

Renal pathology deals with the characterization of the kidneys. The kidneys perform a suite of physiological roles that are critical for organismal homeostasis including waste excretion, osmoregulation, and fluid homeostasis (Preuss, 1993). Each kidney is made up of specialized epithelial cells known as nephrons and while nephron numbers can vary greatly between species their overall function remains conserved in vertebrates (Desgrange & Cereghini, 2015). Nephrons act as filtering units that are composed of glomeruli and tubules which are responsible for removing metabolic waste from the bloodstream, regulating fluids, and balancing electrolytes (Wesselman et al., 2023). Organ tissue damage can occur after exposure to toxins, parasites, or be caused by disease. If pathology is measurable this would be an indication of damage or diseased tissue state and a departure from normal/healthy tissue.

How It Is Measured or Detected

A description of the type(s) of measurements that can be employed to evaluate the KE and the relative level of scientific confidence in those measurements.These can range from citation of specific validated test guidelines, citation of specific methods published in the peer reviewed literature, or outlines of a general protocol or approach (e.g., a protein may be measured by ELISA). Do not provide detailed protocols. More help

Histopathology focuses on the changes in tissues and is a technique used for identifying correlations with biochemical markers. Generally renal pathology is measured after either whole organism or specific tissue of interest is fixed, dehydrated, and then embedded in wax, commonly paraffin wax. Sections are then cut to approximately 3–5 μm in thickness and stained before being examined under a microscope (e.g., Folmar et al., 2001; Mihaich et al., 2012; Zha et al., 2007).

  • OECD Test No. 123: Guidance document on the diagnosis of endocrine-related histopathology in fish gonads (OECD 2010).
  • OECD Test No. 227: Guidance document on medaka histopathology techniques and evaluation for the medaka extended one-generation reproduction test (OECD 2015)
  • Crissman et al. (2004) describes best practice guidelines for toxicologic histopathology.
  • Fiedler et al. (2023) have written standardized tissue sampling guidelines for histopathological analyses using rainbow trout.

Domain of Applicability

A description of the scientific basis for the indicated domains of applicability and the WoE calls (if provided).  More help

Taxonomic applicability: All vertebrates with functional kidneys.

Life stage: This KE is applicable to all life stages following the differentiation of the kidney.

Sex: This KE is applicable to both sexes.

References

List of the literature that was cited for this KE description. More help
  • Crissman, J. W., Goodman, D. G., Hildebrandt, P. K., Maronpot, R. R., Prater, D. A., Riley, J. H., Seaman, W. J., & Thake, D. C. (2004). Best Practices Guideline: Toxicologic Histopathology. Toxicologic Pathology, 32(1), 126-131. https://doi.org/10.1080/01926230490268756
  • Desgrange, A., & Cereghini, S. (2015). Nephron patterning: lessons from Xenopus, zebrafish, and mouse studies. Cells, 4(3), 483-499.
  • Fiedler, S., Schrader, H., Theobalt, N., Hofmann, I., Geiger, T., Arndt, D., Wanke, R., Schwaiger, J., & Blutke, A. (2023). Standardized tissue sampling guidelines for histopathological and molecular analyses of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in ecotoxicological studies. PLOS ONE, 18(7), e0288542. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0288542
  • Folmar, L. C., Gardner, G. R., Schreibman, M. P., Magliulo-Cepriano, L., Mills, L. J., Zaroogian, G., Gutjahr-Gobell, R., Haebler, R., Horowitz, D. B., & Denslow, N. D. (2001). Vitellogenin-induced pathology in male summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus). Aquatic Toxicology, 51(4), 431-441.
  • Mihaich, E., Rhodes, J., Wolf, J., van der Hoeven, N., Dietrich, D., Hall, A. T., Caspers, N., Ortego, L., Staples, C., & Dimond, S. (2012). Adult fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas, partial life‐cycle reproductive and gonadal histopathology study with bisphenol A. Environmental toxicology and chemistry, 31(11), 2525-2535.
  • Preuss, H. G. (1993). Basics of renal anatomy and physiology. Clinics in laboratory medicine, 13(1), 1-11.
  • Wesselman, H. M., Gatz, A. E., Pfaff, M. R., Arceri, L., & Wingert, R. A. (2023). Estrogen signaling influences nephron segmentation of the zebrafish embryonic kidney. Cells, 12(4), 666.
  • Zha, J., Wang, Z., Wang, N., & Ingersoll, C. (2007). Histological alternation and vitellogenin induction in adult rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) after exposure to ethynylestradiol and nonylphenol. Chemosphere, 66(3), 488-495.