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Event: 149

Key Event Title

A descriptive phrase which defines a discrete biological change that can be measured. More help

Increase, Inflammation

Short name
The KE short name should be a reasonable abbreviation of the KE title and is used in labelling this object throughout the AOP-Wiki. More help
Increase, Inflammation
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Biological Context

Structured terms, selected from a drop-down menu, are used to identify the level of biological organization for each KE. More help
Level of Biological Organization
Cellular

Cell term

The location/biological environment in which the event takes place.The biological context describes the location/biological environment in which the event takes place.  For molecular/cellular events this would include the cellular context (if known), organ context, and species/life stage/sex for which the event is relevant. For tissue/organ events cellular context is not applicable.  For individual/population events, the organ context is not applicable.  Further information on Event Components and Biological Context may be viewed on the attached pdf. More help
Cell term
eukaryotic cell

Organ term

The location/biological environment in which the event takes place.The biological context describes the location/biological environment in which the event takes place.  For molecular/cellular events this would include the cellular context (if known), organ context, and species/life stage/sex for which the event is relevant. For tissue/organ events cellular context is not applicable.  For individual/population events, the organ context is not applicable.  Further information on Event Components and Biological Context may be viewed on the attached pdf. More help

Key Event Components

The KE, as defined by a set structured ontology terms consisting of a biological process, object, and action with each term originating from one of 14 biological ontologies (Ives, et al., 2017; https://aopwiki.org/info_pages/2/info_linked_pages/7#List). Biological process describes dynamics of the underlying biological system (e.g., receptor signalling).Biological process describes dynamics of the underlying biological system (e.g., receptor signaling).  The biological object is the subject of the perturbation (e.g., a specific biological receptor that is activated or inhibited). Action represents the direction of perturbation of this system (generally increased or decreased; e.g., ‘decreased’ in the case of a receptor that is inhibited to indicate a decrease in the signaling by that receptor).  Note that when editing Event Components, clicking an existing Event Component from the Suggestions menu will autopopulate these fields, along with their source ID and description.  To clear any fields before submitting the event component, use the 'Clear process,' 'Clear object,' or 'Clear action' buttons.  If a desired term does not exist, a new term request may be made via Term Requests.  Event components may not be edited; to edit an event component, remove the existing event component and create a new one using the terms that you wish to add.  Further information on Event Components and Biological Context may be viewed on the attached pdf. More help
Process Object Action
inflammatory response increased

Key Event Overview

AOPs Including This Key Event

All of the AOPs that are linked to this KE will automatically be listed in this subsection. This table can be particularly useful for derivation of AOP networks including the KE. Clicking on the name of the AOP will bring you to the individual page for that AOP. More help
AOP Name Role of event in AOP Point of Contact Author Status OECD Status
Cholestatic Liver Injury induced by Inhibition of the Bile Salt Export Pump (ABCB11) KeyEvent Mathieu Vinken (send email) Under development: Not open for comment. Do not cite Under Development
Epithelial cytotoxicity- forestomach tumor KeyEvent Charles Wood (send email) Under Development: Contributions and Comments Welcome
PPARγ inactivation leading to lung fibrosis KeyEvent Jinhee Choi (send email) Under development: Not open for comment. Do not cite Under Development
α-diketone-induced bronchiolitis obliterans KeyEvent Marvin Martens (send email) Under development: Not open for comment. Do not cite
AhR activation to breast cancer KeyEvent Louise Benoit (send email) Under Development: Contributions and Comments Welcome Under Development

Taxonomic Applicability

Latin or common names of a species or broader taxonomic grouping (e.g., class, order, family) that help to define the biological applicability domain of the KE.In many cases, individual species identified in these structured fields will be those for which the strongest evidence used in constructing the AOP was available in relation to this KE. More help
Term Scientific Term Evidence Link
Homo sapiens Homo sapiens NCBI

Life Stages

An indication of the the relevant life stage(s) for this KE. More help
Life stage Evidence
Adult

Sex Applicability

An indication of the the relevant sex for this KE. More help
Term Evidence
Female

Key Event Description

A description of the biological state being observed or measured, the biological compartment in which it is measured, and its general role in the biology should be provided. More help

Inflammation is compex to define.

In cancer, is a cascade of events created by the host in response to the spread of the cancer (Coussens). In response to an injury or the presence of cancer, the host heals itself through inflammation. Indeed, the activation and the migration of  leukocytes (neutrophils, monocytes and eosinophils) to the wound induces the healing process. These inflammatory cells provide an extracellular matrix that forms upon which fibroblast and endothelial cells proliferate and migrate in order to re create a normal environnement. In cancer, this inflammatory state induces cell proliferation, increases the production of reactive oxygen species leading to oxidative DNA damage, and reduces DNA repair (Coussens)

Damage of the epithelial layer lining the airways initiate inflammatory reactions.

How It Is Measured or Detected

A description of the type(s) of measurements that can be employed to evaluate the KE and the relative level of scientific confidence in those measurements.These can range from citation of specific validated test guidelines, citation of specific methods published in the peer reviewed literature, or outlines of a general protocol or approach (e.g., a protein may be measured by ELISA). Do not provide detailed protocols. More help
  • Activation of the innate immune response and the release of various inflammatory cytokines (Flake and Morgan, 2017).
  • Cytokines dosage
  • Chemokine dosage
  • Metalloprotesae

Domain of Applicability

A description of the scientific basis for the indicated domains of applicability and the WoE calls (if provided).  More help

Breast cancer cell lines

References

List of the literature that was cited for this KE description. More help

Flake, G. P., & Morgan, D. L. (2017). Pathology of diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione airway lesions in a rat model of obliterative bronchiolitis. Toxicology, 388, 40–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2016.10.013

Palmer, S. M., Flake, G. P., Kelly, F. L., Zhang, H. L., Nugent, J. L., Kirby, P. J., … Morgan, D. L. (2011). Severe airway epithelial injury, aberrant repair and Bronchiolitis obliterans develops after diacetyl instillation in rats. PLoS ONE, 6(3). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0017644

Coussens LM, Werb Z. Inflammation and cancer. Nature. 2002 Dec 19-26;420(6917):860-7. doi: 10.1038/nature01322. PMID: 12490959; PMCID: PMC2803035.