API

Event: 1505

Key Event Title

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Short name

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Cell cycle, disrupted

Biological Context

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Cell term

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Organ term

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Key Event Components

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Key Event Overview

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AOPs Including This Key Event

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Stressors

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Taxonomic Applicability

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Life Stages

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Sex Applicability

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Key Event Description

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The dysregulation of cell cycle leads to a decrease in the cell number. The cell cycle consists of G₁, S, G₂, M, and G₀ phase. The cell cyle regulation is disrupted by the cell cycle arrest in certain cell cycle phase. The histone gene expression is regulated in cell cyle phases [Heintz, 1983].

How It Is Measured or Detected

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The percentage of cells at G₁, G₀, S, and G₂/M phases can be detected by flow cytometry  [Li, 2013]. Cell cycle distribution was analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis with a Partec PAS-II sorter [Zupkovitz, 2010]. The four cell cycle phases in living cells can be measured with four-color fluorescent proteins using live cell imaging [Bajar, 2016]. The incorporation of [3H]deoxycytidine or [3H]thymidine into cell DNA during S phase can be monitored as DNA synthesis [Heintz, 1982].

Domain of Applicability

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The histone gene expression alters in each phase of cell cycle in human HeLa cell (Homo sapiens) [Heintz, 1982].

References

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Heintz N et al. (1983) Regulation of human histone gene expression: Kinetics of accumulation and changes in the rate of synthesis and in the half-lives of individual histone mRNAs during the HeLa cell cycle. Molecular and Cellular Biology 3:539-550

Li Q, Lambrechts MJ, Zhang Q, Liu S, Ge D, Yin R, Xi M and You Z. Glyphosate and AMPA inhibit cancer cell growth through inhibiting intracellular glycine synthesis. Drug Des Devel Ther 2013; 7: 635-643.

Bajar BT et al. (2016) Fluorescent indicators for simultaneous reporting of all four cell cycle phases. Nat Methods 13: 993-996