SNAPSHOT
AOP ID and Title:
Status
Open for comment. Do not cite
Abstract
Molting is a natural biological process in arthropods. During a molt cycle, the animals generate new exoskeletons by the epidermis and shed the old ones in order to grow. Successful molting is key to survival, development and reproduction. Over half a century research on arthropod endocrinology reveals that molting is precisely controlled by complex multi-hormone systems, with 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) being the key effective hormone to mediate different biological processes that are necessary for molting. The hormonal actions of 20E are exerted through binding and modulation of the ecdysone receptors (EcR), which are nuclear transcriptional factors that regulate a wide range of physiological and behavioral changes. Based on this knowledge, endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) targeting at the EcRs are developed as pesticides and anti-parasite pharmaceuticals in order to disrupt the molting cycles of “harmful” arthropods and protect the agriculture and aquaculture. However, environmental residues of these EDCs may also affect non-target species, such as a number of crustaceans (e.g. crabs and lobsters) with great ecological and economical values, due to highly conserved endocrine systems in arthropods. Substantial efforts are therefore needed to assess the environmental hazards and risks of EDCs on non-target species. Due to the high number (over a million described) of species in the phylum of Arthopoda, it is not feasible to perform toxicity testing for each species as well as EDC. Construction of universal models on basis of systems (eco)toxicology and phylogenetic similarities for understanding the environmental endocrine disruption (ED) effects may serve as a potential solution. The current AOP is therefore developed based on available information in the databases to identify knowledge gaps in this research field. The conceptual AOP will be further expanded using a combination of laboratory studies and advance in sillico predictions of potential EcR ligands and taxonomic appllicablity to inform environmental risk assessment as an ultimate goal.
Summary of the AOP
Stressors
We will add things to here soon
Molecular Initiating Event
Title | Short name | Essentiality |
---|---|---|
Activation, Ecdysone receptor | Activation, EcR | Strong |
Key Events
Title | Short name | Essentiality |
---|---|---|
Induction, Nuclear receptor E75b gene | Induction, E75b gene | |
Suppression, Fushi tarazu factor-1 gene | Suppression, Ftz-f1 gene | |
Reduction, Release of circulating ecdysis triggering hormone | Reduction, Release of circulating ETH | Moderate |
Reduction, Release of circulating crustacean cardioactive peptide | Reduction, Release of circulating CCAP | |
Reduction, Ecdysis motoneuron bursts | Reduction, Ecdysis motoneuron bursts | |
Reduction, Excitatory postsynaptic potential | Reduction, Excitatory postsynaptic potential | |
Reduction, Abdominal muscle contraction | Reduction, Abdominal muscle contraction | Moderate |
Induction, Incomplete ecdysis | Induction, Incomplete ecdysis | Strong |
Adverse Outcomes
Title | Short name | Essentiality |
---|---|---|
Increased, Mortality | Increased, Mortality |
Relationships between Key Events
Upstream Event | Relationship Type | Downstream Event |
---|---|---|
Activation, Ecdysone receptor | directly leads to | Induction, Nuclear receptor E75b gene |
Induction, Nuclear receptor E75b gene | directly leads to | Suppression, Fushi tarazu factor-1 gene |
Suppression, Fushi tarazu factor-1 gene | directly leads to | Reduction, Release of circulating ecdysis triggering hormone |
Reduction, Release of circulating ecdysis triggering hormone | directly leads to | Reduction, Release of circulating crustacean cardioactive peptide |
Reduction, Release of circulating crustacean cardioactive peptide | directly leads to | Reduction, Ecdysis motoneuron bursts |
Reduction, Ecdysis motoneuron bursts | directly leads to | Reduction, Excitatory postsynaptic potential |
Reduction, Excitatory postsynaptic potential | directly leads to | Reduction, Abdominal muscle contraction |
Reduction, Abdominal muscle contraction | directly leads to | Induction, Incomplete ecdysis |
Induction, Incomplete ecdysis | directly leads to | Increased, Mortality |
Life Stage Applicability
Life Stage | Evidence |
---|---|
Juvenile | Strong |
Adult | Moderate |
Taxon Applicability
Term | Scientific Term | Evidence |
---|---|---|
insects | insects | Strong |
crustaceans | Daphnia magna | Moderate |
Sex Applicability
Sex | Evidence |
---|---|
Unspecific | Moderate |
Graphical Representation
Molecular Initating Event
Key Event Overview
AOPs Including This Key Event
AOP ID and Name | Event Type | Essentiality |
---|---|---|
4: Ecdysone receptor agonism leading to mortality | MolecularInitiatingEvent | Strong |
Stressors
The following are stressors that operate directly through this Event.- chemical one
- chemical two
Taxonomic Applicability
There are no Taxonomic Terms associated with this EventLevel of Biological Organization |
---|
Molecular |
Life Stage Applicability
There are no Life Stages associated with this EventSex Applicability
There are no Sexes associated with this EventKey Events
Key Event Overview
AOPs Including This Key Event
AOP ID and Name | Event Type | Essentiality |
---|---|---|
4: Ecdysone receptor agonism leading to mortality | KeyEvent |
Stressors
The following are stressors that operate directly through this Event.- chemical one
- chemical two
Taxonomic Applicability
There are no Taxonomic Terms associated with this EventLevel of Biological Organization |
---|
Molecular |
Life Stage Applicability
There are no Life Stages associated with this EventSex Applicability
There are no Sexes associated with this EventEvent ID and Title
1265: Suppression, Fushi tarazu factor-1 geneShort Name: Suppression, Ftz-f1 gene
Key Event Overview
AOPs Including This Key Event
AOP ID and Name | Event Type | Essentiality |
---|---|---|
4: Ecdysone receptor agonism leading to mortality | KeyEvent |
Stressors
The following are stressors that operate directly through this Event.- chemical one
- chemical two
Taxonomic Applicability
There are no Taxonomic Terms associated with this EventLevel of Biological Organization |
---|
Molecular |
Life Stage Applicability
There are no Life Stages associated with this EventSex Applicability
There are no Sexes associated with this EventEvent ID and Title
988: Reduction, Release of circulating ecdysis triggering hormoneShort Name: Reduction, Release of circulating ETH
Key Event Overview
AOPs Including This Key Event
AOP ID and Name | Event Type | Essentiality |
---|---|---|
4: Ecdysone receptor agonism leading to mortality | KeyEvent | Moderate |
Stressors
The following are stressors that operate directly through this Event.- chemical one
- chemical two
Taxonomic Applicability
There are no Taxonomic Terms associated with this EventLevel of Biological Organization |
---|
Tissue |
Life Stage Applicability
There are no Life Stages associated with this EventSex Applicability
There are no Sexes associated with this EventEvent ID and Title
1266: Reduction, Release of circulating crustacean cardioactive peptideShort Name: Reduction, Release of circulating CCAP
Key Event Overview
AOPs Including This Key Event
AOP ID and Name | Event Type | Essentiality |
---|---|---|
4: Ecdysone receptor agonism leading to mortality | KeyEvent |
Stressors
The following are stressors that operate directly through this Event.- chemical one
- chemical two
Taxonomic Applicability
There are no Taxonomic Terms associated with this EventLevel of Biological Organization |
---|
Tissue |
Life Stage Applicability
There are no Life Stages associated with this EventSex Applicability
There are no Sexes associated with this EventEvent ID and Title
1267: Reduction, Ecdysis motoneuron burstsShort Name: Reduction, Ecdysis motoneuron bursts
Key Event Overview
AOPs Including This Key Event
AOP ID and Name | Event Type | Essentiality |
---|---|---|
4: Ecdysone receptor agonism leading to mortality | KeyEvent |
Stressors
The following are stressors that operate directly through this Event.- chemical one
- chemical two
Taxonomic Applicability
There are no Taxonomic Terms associated with this EventLevel of Biological Organization |
---|
Tissue |
Life Stage Applicability
There are no Life Stages associated with this EventSex Applicability
There are no Sexes associated with this EventEvent ID and Title
1268: Reduction, Excitatory postsynaptic potentialShort Name: Reduction, Excitatory postsynaptic potential
Key Event Overview
AOPs Including This Key Event
AOP ID and Name | Event Type | Essentiality |
---|---|---|
4: Ecdysone receptor agonism leading to mortality | KeyEvent |
Stressors
The following are stressors that operate directly through this Event.- chemical one
- chemical two
Taxonomic Applicability
There are no Taxonomic Terms associated with this EventLevel of Biological Organization |
---|
Tissue |
Life Stage Applicability
There are no Life Stages associated with this EventSex Applicability
There are no Sexes associated with this EventEvent ID and Title
993: Reduction, Abdominal muscle contractionShort Name: Reduction, Abdominal muscle contraction
Key Event Overview
AOPs Including This Key Event
AOP ID and Name | Event Type | Essentiality |
---|---|---|
4: Ecdysone receptor agonism leading to mortality | KeyEvent | Moderate |
Stressors
The following are stressors that operate directly through this Event.- chemical one
- chemical two
Taxonomic Applicability
There are no Taxonomic Terms associated with this EventLevel of Biological Organization |
---|
Tissue |
Life Stage Applicability
There are no Life Stages associated with this EventSex Applicability
There are no Sexes associated with this EventKey Event Overview
AOPs Including This Key Event
AOP ID and Name | Event Type | Essentiality |
---|---|---|
4: Ecdysone receptor agonism leading to mortality | KeyEvent | Strong |
Stressors
The following are stressors that operate directly through this Event.- chemical one
- chemical two
Taxonomic Applicability
There are no Taxonomic Terms associated with this EventLevel of Biological Organization |
---|
Individual |
Life Stage Applicability
There are no Life Stages associated with this EventSex Applicability
There are no Sexes associated with this EventAdverse Outcome
Key Event Overview
AOPs Including This Key Event
Stressors
The following are stressors that operate directly through this Event.- chemical one
- chemical two
Taxonomic Applicability
There are no Taxonomic Terms associated with this EventLevel of Biological Organization |
---|
Population |
Life Stage Applicability
There are no Life Stages associated with this EventSex Applicability
There are no Sexes associated with this EventScientific evidence supporting the linkages in the AOP
ID | Upstream Event | Relationship Type | Downstream Event | Evidence | Quantitative Understanding |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1121 | Activation, Ecdysone receptor | Directly leads to | Induction, Nuclear receptor E75b gene | Strong | Weak |
1122 | Induction, Nuclear receptor E75b gene | Directly leads to | Suppression, Fushi tarazu factor-1 gene | Strong | Weak |
1123 | Suppression, Fushi tarazu factor-1 gene | Directly leads to | Reduction, Release of circulating ecdysis triggering hormone | Moderate | Weak |
1124 | Reduction, Release of circulating ecdysis triggering hormone | Directly leads to | Reduction, Release of circulating crustacean cardioactive peptide | Moderate | Weak |
1125 | Reduction, Release of circulating crustacean cardioactive peptide | Directly leads to | Reduction, Ecdysis motoneuron bursts | Moderate | Weak |
1126 | Reduction, Ecdysis motoneuron bursts | Directly leads to | Reduction, Excitatory postsynaptic potential | Moderate | Weak |
1127 | Reduction, Excitatory postsynaptic potential | Directly leads to | Reduction, Abdominal muscle contraction | Moderate | Weak |
1082 | Reduction, Abdominal muscle contraction | Directly leads to | Induction, Incomplete ecdysis | Moderate | Weak |
1083 | Induction, Incomplete ecdysis | Directly leads to | Increased, Mortality | Strong | Strong |
Relationship ID and Title:
4: Activation, EcR leads to Induction, E75b geneRelationship ID and Title:
4: Induction, E75b gene leads to Suppression, Ftz-f1 geneRelationship ID and Title:
4: Suppression, Ftz-f1 gene leads to Reduction, Release of circulating ETHRelationship ID and Title:
4: Reduction, Release of circulating ETH leads to Reduction, Release of circulating CCAPRelationship ID and Title:
4: Reduction, Release of circulating CCAP leads to Reduction, Ecdysis motoneuron burstsRelationship ID and Title:
4: Reduction, Ecdysis motoneuron bursts leads to Reduction, Excitatory postsynaptic potentialRelationship ID and Title:
4: Reduction, Excitatory postsynaptic potential leads to Reduction, Abdominal muscle contractionRelationship ID and Title:
4: Reduction, Abdominal muscle contraction leads to Induction, Incomplete ecdysisRelationship ID and Title:
4: Induction, Incomplete ecdysis leads to Increased, MortalityOverall Assessment of the AOP
Applicability of the AOP
Life Stage Applicability
Life Stage | Evidence |
---|---|
Juvenile | Strong |
Adult | Moderate |
Taxon Applicability
Term | Scientific Term | Evidence |
---|---|---|
insects | insects | Strong |
crustaceans | Daphnia magna | Moderate |
Sex Applicability
Sex | Evidence |
---|---|
Unspecific | Moderate |