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AOP: 271

Title

A descriptive phrase which references both the Molecular Initiating Event and Adverse Outcome.It should take the form “MIE leading to AO”. For example, “Aromatase inhibition leading to reproductive dysfunction” where Aromatase inhibition is the MIE and reproductive dysfunction the AO. In cases where the MIE is unknown or undefined, the earliest known KE in the chain (i.e., furthest upstream) should be used in lieu of the MIE and it should be made clear that the stated event is a KE and not the MIE.  More help

Inhibition of thyroid peroxidase leading to impaired fertility in fish

Short name
A name that succinctly summarises the information from the title. This name should not exceed 90 characters. More help
TPO inhibition and impaired fertility

Graphical Representation

A graphical representation of the AOP.This graphic should list all KEs in sequence, including the MIE (if known) and AO, and the pair-wise relationships (links or KERs) between those KEs. More help
Click to download graphical representation template Explore AOP in a Third Party Tool

Authors

The names and affiliations of the individual(s)/organisation(s) that created/developed the AOP. More help
  • June-Woo Park, Korea Institute of Toxicology JRC-APT (Joint Research Center for Alternative and Predictive Toxicology)
  • Carlie LaLone, US EPA
  • Young Jun Kim, Environmental Safety Group, KIST Europe, JRC-APT 
  • Chang-Beom Park, Korea Institute of Toxicology, JRC-APT

Point of Contact

The user responsible for managing the AOP entry in the AOP-KB and controlling write access to the page by defining the contributors as described in the next section.   More help
June-Woo Park   (email point of contact)

Contributors

Users with write access to the AOP page.  Entries in this field are controlled by the Point of Contact. More help
  • June-Woo Park
  • Young Jun Kim
  • Carlie LaLone
  • Chang-Beom Park

Coaches

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  • Dan Villeneuve
  • Shihori Tanabe

Status

Provides users with information concerning how actively the AOP page is being developed, what type of use or input the authors feel comfortable with given the current level of development, and whether it is part of the OECD AOP Development Workplan and has been reviewed and/or endorsed. OECD Status - Tracks the level of review/endorsement the AOP has been subjected to. OECD Project Number - Project number is designated and updated by the OECD. SAAOP Status - Status managed and updated by SAAOP curators. More help
Handbook Version OECD status OECD project
v2.0 Under Development 1.59
This AOP was last modified on June 07, 2023 05:33

Revision dates for related pages

Page Revision Date/Time
Thyroperoxidase, Inhibition November 04, 2022 09:24
Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased November 04, 2022 09:25
Reduction, Plasma 17beta-estradiol concentrations September 26, 2017 11:30
Reduction, Plasma vitellogenin concentrations September 16, 2017 10:14
Reduction, Cumulative fecundity and spawning March 20, 2017 17:52
Thyroperoxidase, Inhibition leads to TH synthesis, Decreased November 04, 2022 09:27
TH synthesis, Decreased leads to Reduction, Plasma 17beta-estradiol concentrations September 18, 2018 20:54
Reduction, Plasma 17beta-estradiol concentrations leads to Reduction, Plasma vitellogenin concentrations October 18, 2018 11:02
Reduction, Plasma vitellogenin concentrations leads to Reduction, Cumulative fecundity and spawning September 18, 2018 20:55
Propylthiouracil November 29, 2016 18:42
Methimazole November 29, 2016 18:42
Ethylene thiourea November 29, 2016 18:42

Abstract

A concise and informative summation of the AOP under development that can stand-alone from the AOP page. The aim is to capture the highlights of the AOP and its potential scientific and regulatory relevance. More help

This AOP links inhibition of thyroid peroxidase to reproductive toxicity in fish. This AOP describes one adverse outcome that may result from the inhibition of thyroid peroxidase (TPO). Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) is an enzyme for thyroid hormone (TH) synthesis. Chemical inhibition of TPO, the molecular-initiating event (MIE), results in decreased thyroid hormone (TH) synthesis. Reduction of TH induces the decline of E2 and VTG, which leads to decreased cumulative fecundity and spawning. Cumulative fertility is major endpoint for evaluation of reproductive toxicity caused by endocrine disruption. It is used as an endpoint for endocrine disruptor screening in OECD 229. Therefore, this AOP would be useful as a means to identify chemicals with known potential to adversely affect fish populations.

AOP Development Strategy

Context

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Acknowledgements: This research was supported by the National Research Council of Science & Technology(NST) grant by the Korea government (MSIP) (No. CAP-17-01-KIST Europe) 

Strategy

Provides a description of the approaches to the identification, screening and quality assessment of the data relevant to identification of the key events and key event relationships included in the AOP or AOP network.This information is important as a basis to support the objective/envisaged application of the AOP by the regulatory community and to facilitate the reuse of its components.  Suggested content includes a rationale for and description of the scope and focus of the data search and identification strategy/ies including the nature of preliminary scoping and/or expert input, the overall literature screening strategy and more focused literature surveys to identify additional information (including e.g., key search terms, databases and time period searched, any tools used). More help

Summary of the AOP

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Events:

Molecular Initiating Events (MIE)
An MIE is a specialised KE that represents the beginning (point of interaction between a prototypical stressor and the biological system) of an AOP. More help
Key Events (KE)
A measurable event within a specific biological level of organisation. More help
Adverse Outcomes (AO)
An AO is a specialized KE that represents the end (an adverse outcome of regulatory significance) of an AOP. More help
Type Event ID Title Short name
MIE 279 Thyroperoxidase, Inhibition Thyroperoxidase, Inhibition
KE 277 Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased TH synthesis, Decreased
KE 219 Reduction, Plasma 17beta-estradiol concentrations Reduction, Plasma 17beta-estradiol concentrations
KE 221 Reduction, Plasma vitellogenin concentrations Reduction, Plasma vitellogenin concentrations
AO 78 Reduction, Cumulative fecundity and spawning Reduction, Cumulative fecundity and spawning

Relationships Between Two Key Events (Including MIEs and AOs)

This table summarizes all of the KERs of the AOP and is populated in the AOP-Wiki as KERs are added to the AOP.Each table entry acts as a link to the individual KER description page. More help

Network View

This network graphic is automatically generated based on the information provided in the MIE(s), KEs, AO(s), KERs and Weight of Evidence (WoE) summary tables. The width of the edges representing the KERs is determined by its WoE confidence level, with thicker lines representing higher degrees of confidence. This network view also shows which KEs are shared with other AOPs. More help

Prototypical Stressors

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Life Stage Applicability

The life stage for which the AOP is known to be applicable. More help
Life stage Evidence
Adult, reproductively mature High

Taxonomic Applicability

Latin or common names of a species or broader taxonomic grouping (e.g., class, order, family) can be selected.In many cases, individual species identified in these structured fields will be those for which the strongest evidence used in constructing the AOP was available. More help
Term Scientific Term Evidence Link
fish fish High NCBI

Sex Applicability

The sex for which the AOP is known to be applicable. More help
Sex Evidence
Female High

Overall Assessment of the AOP

Addressess the relevant biological domain of applicability (i.e., in terms of taxa, sex, life stage, etc.) and Weight of Evidence (WoE) for the overall AOP as a basis to consider appropriate regulatory application (e.g., priority setting, testing strategies or risk assessment). More help

Domain of Applicability

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Essentiality of the Key Events

The essentiality of KEs can only be assessed relative to the impact of manipulation of a given KE (e.g., experimentally blocking or exacerbating the event) on the downstream sequence of KEs defined for the AOP. Consequently, evidence supporting essentiality is assembled on the AOP page, rather than on the independent KE pages that are meant to stand-alone as modular units without reference to other KEs in the sequence. The nature of experimental evidence that is relevant to assessing essentiality relates to the impact on downstream KEs and the AO if upstream KEs are prevented or modified. This includes: Direct evidence: directly measured experimental support that blocking or preventing a KE prevents or impacts downstream KEs in the pathway in the expected fashion. Indirect evidence: evidence that modulation or attenuation in the magnitude of impact on a specific KE (increased effect or decreased effect) is associated with corresponding changes (increases or decreases) in the magnitude or frequency of one or more downstream KEs. More help
  •  MIE: Thyroperoxidase, Inhibition: The present MIE, an inhibition peroxidase (TPO) function led to a perturbation in the expression of key genes in thyroid hormone synthesis and release pathways. Specifically as the TPO inhibited by MMI and PTU was reflected in the several thyroid hormone synthesis and release pathway genes (Alison et al., 2012).
  • KE 1: Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decrease: A lot of studies have a correlation between TPO activition leading to decrease of thyroid hormone. Many studies was exposed that TPO inhibition lead to a decreased or inactivate of thyroid hormones levels (Shaoying et al., 2011; Antonio et al., 2006; Tonacchera et al., 2004; De Groef et al., 2006; Waltz wt al., 2010).

Evidence Assessment

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Known Modulating Factors

Modulating factors (MFs) may alter the shape of the response-response function that describes the quantitative relationship between two KES, thus having an impact on the progression of the pathway or the severity of the AO.The evidence supporting the influence of various modulating factors is assembled within the individual KERs. More help
Modulating Factor (MF) Influence or Outcome KER(s) involved
     

Quantitative Understanding

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Considerations for Potential Applications of the AOP (optional)

Addressess potential applications of an AOP to support regulatory decision-making.This may include, for example, possible utility for test guideline development or refinement, development of integrated testing and assessment approaches, development of (Q)SARs / or chemical profilers to facilitate the grouping of chemicals for subsequent read-across, screening level hazard assessments or even risk assessment. More help

The continuous release of thyroid hormones into the bloodstream is integral to properly regulating these excretory systems. The thyroid gland produces a relatively inactive prohormone, thyroxine (T4), and an active hormone called triiodothyronine (T3). The levels of THs T4 and T3 and that of the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in vivo are representative assays for identifying thyroid disturbance factors during toxicity tests. The in vivo TH levels in response to thyroid-disrupting chemicals can be measured based on the test guidelines (TGs) of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). The effects of the TS microspheres on the function and fate of 3D thyroid cells can be applied to this AOP. In addition, the zebrafish embryo evaluation model is validated with the proposed TS-microsphere integrated 3D cell aggregates in terms of sensitivity to chemical substances. It can be applied to the organization of tissue and organ level as quantitative AOP271,

References

List of the literature that was cited for this AOP. More help

Alison E.M. Vickers, Jason Heale, John R. Sinclair, Stephen Morris, Josh M. Rowe, Robyn L. Fisher. 2012. Thyroid organotypic rat and human cultures used to investigate drug effects on thyroid function, hormone synthesis and release pathways. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, volume 260, Issue 1, PP. 81-88.

B. Jomaa, S.A.B. Hermsen, M.Y. Kessels, J.H.J. Van Den Berg, A.A.C.M. Peijnenburg, J.M.M.J.G. Aarts, A.H. Piersma, I.M.C.M. Rietjens. 2014. Developmental toxicity of thyroid-active compounds in a zebrafish embryotoxicity test. ALTEX 31, pp. 303-317.

De Groeg B, Decallonne BR, Van der Geyten S, Darras VM, Bouillon R. 2006. Perchlorate versus other environmental sodium/iodide symporter inhibitors: potential thyroid-related health effects. Europ J Endocr. 155:17-25.

Dietrich, J.W., Landgrafe, G. and Fotiadou, E.H. 2012. TSH and Thyrotropic Agonists: Key Actors in Thyroid Homeostasis. J Thyroid Res 2012, 351864.

E. Bagci, M. Heijlen, L. Vergauwen, A. Hagenaars, A.M. Houbrechts, C.V. Esguerra, R. Blust, V.M. Darras, D. Knapen. 2015. Deiodinase knockdown during early zebrafish development affects growth, development, energy metabolism, motility and phototransduction. PLoS One, p. e0123285.

Hadley, M.J.N.J. 1984. Endocrinology Prentice-Hall.

Jiang, J.Y., Umezu, M. and Sato, E. 2000. Improvement of follicular development rather than gonadotrophin secretion by thyroxine treatment in infertile immature hypothyroid rdw rats. 

J Reprod Fertil 119, 193-199.

Kress, E., Samarut, J. and Plateroti, M. 2009. Thyroid hormones and the control of cell proliferation or cell differentiation: paradox or duality? Mol Cell Endocrinol 313, 36-49.

Medenica, S., Nedeljkovic, O., Radojevic, N., Stojkovic, M., Trbojevic, B. and Pajovic, B. 2015. Thyroid dysfunction and thyroid autoimmunity in euthyroid women in achieving fertility. 

Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 19, 977-987.

M. Heijlen, A.M. Houbrechts, E. Bagci, S.L.J. Van Herck, S. Kersseboom, C.V. Esguerra, R. Blust, T.J. Visser, D. Knapen, V.M. Darras. 2014. Knockdown of type 3 iodothyronine deiodinase severely perturbs both embryonic and early larval development in zebrafish. Endocrinology 155, pp. 1547-1559.

Mullur, R., Liu, Y.Y. and Brent, G.A. 2014. Thyroid hormone regulation of metabolism. Physiol Rev 94, 355-382.

Quesada-Garcia, A., Valdehita, A., Kropf, C., Casanova-Nakayama, A., Segner, H. and Navas, J.M. 2014. Thyroid signaling in immune organs and cells of the teleost fish rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish Shellfish Immunol 38, 166-174.

Ramprasad, M., Bhattacharyya, S.S. and Bhattacharyya, A. 2012. Thyroid disorders in pregnancy. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 16, S167-170.

Schreiber, G. and Richardson, S.J. 1997. The evolution of gene expression, structure and function of transthyretin. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 116, 137-160.

Sharma, P. and Patino, R. 2013. Regulation of gonadal sex ratios and pubertal development by the thyroid endocrine system in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Gen Comp Endocrinol 184, 111-119.

Sharma, P., Tang, S., Mayer, G.D. and Patino, R. 2016. Effects of thyroid endocrine manipulation onsex-related gene expression and population sex ratios in Zebrafish. Gen Comp Endocrinol 235, 38-47.

Simonides, W.S. and van Hardeveld, C. 2008. Thyroid hormone as a determinant of metabolic and contractile phenotype of skeletal muscle. Thyroid 18, 205-216.

Thompson, C.C. and Potter, G.B. 2000. Thyroid hormone action in neural development. Cereb Cortex 10, 939-945.

Tonacchera M, Pinchera A, Dimida A, Ferrarini E, Agretti P, Vitti P, Santini F, Crump K, Gibbs J. 2004. Relative potencies and additivity or perchlorate, thiocyanate, nitrate, and iodide on the inhibition of radioative iodide uptake by the human sodium iodide symporter. Thyroid. 14: 1012-1019.

van der Ven, L.T., van den Brandhof, E.J., Vos, J.H., Power, D.M. and Wester, P.W. 2006. Effects of the antithyroid agent propylthiouracil in a partial life cycle assay with zebrafish. Environ Sci Technol 40, 74-81.

Waltz F, Pillette L, Ambroise Y. 2010. A nonradioactive iodide uptake assay for sodium iodide symporter function. Anal Biochem. 396:91-95.

I Jun, H Cho, Sebastian E. Amos, Y Choi, Y Choi, C Ryu, SA Lee, DW Han, H-S Han, J Yang, H Jeong, H Park, and Y.Kim,2023 Thyroid-friendly Soft Materials as Three-dimensional Cell Culture Tool for Stimulating Thyroid Cell Function Small  230023