API

Event: 78

Key Event Title

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Reduction, Cumulative fecundity and spawning

Short name

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Reduction, Cumulative fecundity and spawning

Key Event Component

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Process Object Action
egg quantity decreased

Key Event Overview

AOPs Including This Key Event

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AOP Name Role of event in AOP
Estrogen receptor agonism leading to reproductive dysfunction KeyEvent
Aromatase inhibition leading to reproductive dysfunction KeyEvent
Androgen receptor agonism leading to reproductive dysfunction KeyEvent
Estrogen receptor antagonism leading to reproductive dysfunction KeyEvent
Prolyl hydroxylase inhibition leading to reproductive dysfunction via increased HIF1 heterodimer formation AdverseOutcome
Unknown MIE leading to reproductive dysfunction via increased HIF-1alpha transcription AdverseOutcome

Stressors

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Level of Biological Organization

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Biological Organization
Individual



Taxonomic Applicability

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Term Scientific Term Evidence Link
fathead minnow Pimephales promelas Strong NCBI
Fundulus heteroclitus Fundulus heteroclitus Strong NCBI
Oryzias latipes Oryzias latipes Strong NCBI

Life Stage Applicability

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Life stage Evidence
Adult, reproductively mature Strong

Sex Applicability

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Term Evidence
Female Strong

How This Key Event Works

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Spawning refers to the release of eggs. Cumulative fecundity refers to the total number of eggs deposited by a female, or group of females over a specified period of time.


How It Is Measured or Detected

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In laboratory-based reproduction assays (e.g., OECD Test No. 229; OECD Test No. 240), spawning and cumulative fecundity can be directly measured through daily observation of egg deposition and egg counts.

In some cases, fecundity may be estimated based on gonado-somatic index (OECD 2008).


Evidence Supporting Taxonomic Applicability

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Cumulative fecundity and spawning can, in theory, be evaluated for any egg laying animal.


Regulatory Examples Using This Adverse Outcome

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Cumulative fecundity is the most apical endpoint considered in the OECD 229 Fish Short Term Reproduction Assay. The OECD 229 assay serves as screening assay for endocrine disruption and associated reproductive impairment (OECD 2012). Fecundity is also an important apical endpoint in the Medaka Extended One Generation Reproduction Test (MEOGRT; OECD Test Guideline 240; OECD 2015).

A variety of fish life cycle tests also include cumulative fecundity as an endpoint (OECD 2008).

 


References

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  • OECD 2008. Series on testing and assessment, Number 95. Detailed Review Paper on Fish Life-cycle Tests. OECD Publishing, Paris. ENV/JM/MONO(2008)22.
  • OECD (2015), Test No. 240: Medaka Extended One Generation Reproduction Test (MEOGRT), OECD Publishing, Paris.
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264242258-en
  • OECD. 2012a. Test no. 229: Fish short term reproduction assay. Paris, France:Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.