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Event: 1521

Key Event Title

A descriptive phrase which defines a discrete biological change that can be measured. More help

Decrease, Growth

Short name

The KE short name should be a reasonable abbreviation of the KE title and is used in labelling this object throughout the AOP-Wiki. More help

Decrease, Growth

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Biological Context

Structured terms, selected from a drop-down menu, are used to identify the level of biological organization for each KE. More help

Level of Biological Organization
Individual

Key Event Components

The KE, as defined by a set structured ontology terms consisting of a biological process, object, and action with each term originating from one of 14 biological ontologies (Ives, et al., 2017; https://aopwiki.org/info_pages/2/info_linked_pages/7#List). Biological process describes dynamics of the underlying biological system (e.g., receptor signalling).Biological process describes dynamics of the underlying biological system (e.g., receptor signaling). The biological object is the subject of the perturbation (e.g., a specific biological receptor that is activated or inhibited). Action represents the direction of perturbation of this system (generally increased or decreased; e.g., ‘decreased’ in the case of a receptor that is inhibited to indicate a decrease in the signaling by that receptor). Note that when editing Event Components, clicking an existing Event Component from the Suggestions menu will autopopulate these fields, along with their source ID and description. To clear any fields before submitting the event component, use the 'Clear process,' 'Clear object,' or 'Clear action' buttons. If a desired term does not exist, a new term request may be made via Term Requests. Event components may not be edited; to edit an event component, remove the existing event component and create a new one using the terms that you wish to add. Further information on Event Components and Biological Context may be viewed on the attached pdf. More help

Process	Object	Action
growth	multicellular organism	decreased

Key Event Overview

AOPs Including This Key Event

All of the AOPs that are linked to this KE will automatically be listed in this subsection. This table can be particularly useful for derivation of AOP networks including the KE.Clicking on the name of the AOP will bring you to the individual page for that AOP. More help

AOP Name	Role of event in AOP	Point of Contact	Author Status	OECD Status
Uncoupling of OXPHOS leading to growth inhibition 1	AdverseOutcome	You Song (send email)	Open for citation & comment	WPHA/WNT Endorsed
Mitochondrial ATP synthase antagonism leading to growth inhibition (1)	AdverseOutcome	You Song (send email)	Under development: Not open for comment. Do not cite
Mitochondrial ATP synthase antagonism leading to growth inhibition (2)	AdverseOutcome	You Song (send email)	Under development: Not open for comment. Do not cite
Mitochondrial complex III antagonism leading to growth inhibition (1)	AdverseOutcome	You Song (send email)	Under development: Not open for comment. Do not cite
Mitochondrial complex III antagonism leading to growth inhibition (2)	AdverseOutcome	You Song (send email)	Under development: Not open for comment. Do not cite
Reduction in photophosphorylation leading to growth inhibition in aquatic plants	AdverseOutcome	Knut Erik Tollefsen (send email)	Under development: Not open for comment. Do not cite
Uncoupling of OXPHOS leading to growth inhibition 3	AdverseOutcome	You Song (send email)	Under development: Not open for comment. Do not cite	Under Development
Uncoupling of OXPHOS leading to growth inhibition via ATP depletion associated cell death	AdverseOutcome	You Song (send email)	Open for citation & comment	Under Development
Uncoupling of OXPHOS leading to growth inhibition 4	AdverseOutcome	You Song (send email)	Under development: Not open for comment. Do not cite	Under Development
Uncoupling of OXPHOS leading to growth inhibition 5	AdverseOutcome	You Song (send email)	Under development: Not open for comment. Do not cite	Under Development
Uncoupling of OXPHOS leading to growth inhibition 6	AdverseOutcome	You Song (send email)	Under development: Not open for comment. Do not cite	Under Development
Energy deposition from Ra226 decay lowers oxygen binding capacity of hemocyanin	AdverseOutcome	Danielle Beaton (send email)	Under development: Not open for comment. Do not cite

Taxonomic Applicability

Latin or common names of a species or broader taxonomic grouping (e.g., class, order, family) that help to define the biological applicability domain of the KE.In many cases, individual species identified in these structured fields will be those for which the strongest evidence used in constructing the AOP was available in relation to this KE. More help

Term	Scientific Term	Evidence	Link
human	Homo sapiens	Moderate	NCBI
rat	Rattus norvegicus	Moderate	NCBI
mouse	Mus musculus	Moderate	NCBI
zebrafish	Danio rerio	High	NCBI
fathead minnow	Pimephales promelas	High	NCBI
Lemna minor	Lemna minor	High	NCBI
Daphnia magna	Daphnia magna	Moderate	NCBI

Life Stages

An indication of the the relevant life stage(s) for this KE. More help

Life stage	Evidence
Embryo	High
Juvenile	High

Sex Applicability

An indication of the the relevant sex for this KE. More help

Term	Evidence
Unspecific	High

Key Event Description

A description of the biological state being observed or measured, the biological compartment in which it is measured, and its general role in the biology should be provided. More help

Decreased growth refers to a reduction in size and/or weight of a tissue, organ or individual organism. Growth is normally controlled by growth factors and mainly achieved through cell proliferation (Conlon 1999).

How It Is Measured or Detected

A description of the type(s) of measurements that can be employed to evaluate the KE and the relative level of scientific confidence in those measurements.These can range from citation of specific validated test guidelines, citation of specific methods published in the peer reviewed literature, or outlines of a general protocol or approach (e.g., a protein may be measured by ELISA). Do not provide detailed protocols. More help

Growth can be indicated by measuring weight, length, total volume, and/or total area of a tissue, organ or individual organism.

Domain of Applicability

A description of the scientific basis for the indicated domains of applicability and the WoE calls (if provided). More help

Taxonomic applicability domain

This key event is in general applicable to all eukaryotes.

Life stage applicability domain

This key event is applicable to early life stages such as embryo and juvenile.

Sex applicability domain

This key event is sex-unspecific.

Regulatory Significance of the Adverse Outcome

An AO is a specialised KE that represents the end (an adverse outcome of regulatory significance) of an AOP. More help

Growth is a regulatory relevant chronic toxicity endpoint for almost all organisms. Multiple OECD test guidelines have included growth either as a main endpoint of concern, or as an additional endpoint to be considered in the toxicity assessments. Relevant test guidelines include, but not only limited to:

-Test No. 201: Freshwater Alga and Cyanobacteria, Growth Inhibition Test

-Test No. 208: Terrestrial Plant Test: Seedling Emergence and Seedling Growth Test

-Test No. 211: Daphnia magna Reproduction Test

-Test No. 212: Fish, Short-term Toxicity Test on Embryo and Sac-Fry Stages

-Test No. 215: Fish, Juvenile Growth Test

-Test No. 221: Lemna sp. Growth Inhibition Test

-Test No. 228: Determination of Developmental Toxicity to Dipteran Dung Flies (Scathophaga stercoraria L. (Scathophagidae), Musca autumnalis De Geer (Muscidae))

-Test No. 241: The Larval Amphibian Growth and Development Assay (LAGDA)

-Test No. 407: Repeated Dose 28-day Oral Toxicity Study in Rodents

-Test No. 408: Repeated Dose 90-Day Oral Toxicity Study in Rodents

-Test No. 416: Two-Generation Reproduction Toxicity

-Test No. 422: Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity Study with the Reproduction/Developmental Toxicity Screening Test

-Test No. 443: Extended One-Generation Reproductive Toxicity Study

-Test No. 453: Combined Chronic Toxicity/Carcinogenicity Studies

References

List of the literature that was cited for this KE description. More help

Conlon I, Raff M. 1999. Size control in animal development. Cell 96:235-244. DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80563-2.