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Relationship: 2082

Title

A descriptive phrase which clearly defines the two KEs being considered and the sequential relationship between them (i.e., which is upstream, and which is downstream). More help

Increase, Cripto-1 expression leads to Inhibition, Fin regeneration

Upstream event
The causing Key Event (KE) in a Key Event Relationship (KER). More help
Increase, Cripto-1 expression
Downstream event
The responding Key Event (KE) in a Key Event Relationship (KER). More help
Inhibition, Fin regeneration

Key Event Relationship Overview

The utility of AOPs for regulatory application is defined, to a large extent, by the confidence and precision with which they facilitate extrapolation of data measured at low levels of biological organisation to predicted outcomes at higher levels of organisation and the extent to which they can link biological effect measurements to their specific causes.Within the AOP framework, the predictive relationships that facilitate extrapolation are represented by the KERs. Consequently, the overall WoE for an AOP is a reflection in part, of the level of confidence in the underlying series of KERs it encompasses. Therefore, describing the KERs in an AOP involves assembling and organising the types of information and evidence that defines the scientific basis for inferring the probable change in, or state of, a downstream KE from the known or measured state of an upstream KE. More help

AOPs Referencing Relationship

AOP Name Adjacency Weight of Evidence Quantitative Understanding Point of Contact Author Status OECD Status
Glucocorticoid Receptor Agonism Leading to Impaired Fin Regeneration non-adjacent Moderate Alexander Cole (send email) Open for citation & comment

Taxonomic Applicability

Latin or common names of a species or broader taxonomic grouping (e.g., class, order, family) that help to define the biological applicability domain of the KER.In general, this will be dictated by the more restrictive of the two KEs being linked together by the KER.  More help
Term Scientific Term Evidence Link
teleost fish teleost fish Moderate NCBI

Sex Applicability

An indication of the the relevant sex for this KER. More help
Sex Evidence
Mixed Moderate

Life Stage Applicability

An indication of the the relevant life stage(s) for this KER.  More help
Term Evidence
All life stages Moderate

Key Event Relationship Description

Provides a concise overview of the information given below as well as addressing details that aren’t inherent in the description of the KEs themselves. More help

Cripto-1 is responsible for growth factor activity, as well as activin binding on the cell membrane.  Cripto-1  may also be referred to as teratocarcinoma-derived growth factor 1, tdgf1, or one-eyed pinhead protein, depending on the species (Uniprot). Cripto-1 is a known activin inhibitor (Garland et al., 2019).

Uniprot ID

Fin regeneration is a naturally occurring process in fish (Fu et al., 2013). Fin regeneration is a complex process involving coordinated cellular processes such as cellular signaling, differentiation, and migration (Wehner & Weidinger, 2015). Commonly known signaling pathways such as activin signaling, notch signaling and wnt signaling all play a role in the process of fin regeneration (Wehner & Weidinger, 2015). 

An increase in cripto-1 will disrupt pathways involved with fin regeneration resulting in an impairment to the regeneration process.

Evidence Collection Strategy

Include a description of the approach for identification and assembly of the evidence base for the KER. For evidence identification, include, for example, a description of the sources and dates of information consulted including expert knowledge, databases searched and associated search terms/strings.  Include also a description of study screening criteria and methodology, study quality assessment considerations, the data extraction strategy and links to any repositories/databases of relevant references.Tabular summaries and links to relevant supporting documentation are encouraged, wherever possible. More help

Evidence Supporting this KER

Addresses the scientific evidence supporting KERs in an AOP setting the stage for overall assessment of the AOP. More help
Biological Plausibility
Addresses the biological rationale for a connection between KEupstream and KEdownstream.  This field can also incorporate additional mechanistic details that help inform the relationship between KEs, this is useful when it is not practical/pragmatic to represent these details as separate KEs due to the difficulty or relative infrequency with which it is likely to be measured.   More help
  • Cripto-1 is a known activin inhibitor (Garland et al., 2019).
  • Activin signalling is crucial to cell migration in the fin regeneration process (Wehner & Weidinger, 2015).
  • Cripto-1's ability to inhibit activin signalling would cause an impairment in the fin regeneration process.
Uncertainties and Inconsistencies
Addresses inconsistencies or uncertainties in the relationship including the identification of experimental details that may explain apparent deviations from the expected patterns of concordance. More help

This relationship has only been observed in larval zebrafish. 

Known modulating factors

This table captures specific information on the MF, its properties, how it affects the KER and respective references.1.) What is the modulating factor? Name the factor for which solid evidence exists that it influences this KER. Examples: age, sex, genotype, diet 2.) Details of this modulating factor. Specify which features of this MF are relevant for this KER. Examples: a specific age range or a specific biological age (defined by...); a specific gene mutation or variant, a specific nutrient (deficit or surplus); a sex-specific homone; a certain threshold value (e.g. serum levels of a chemical above...) 3.) Description of how this modulating factor affects this KER. Describe the provable modification of the KER (also quantitatively, if known). Examples: increase or decrease of the magnitude of effect (by a factor of...); change of the time-course of the effect (onset delay by...); alteration of the probability of the effect; increase or decrease of the sensitivity of the downstream effect (by a factor of...) 4.) Provision of supporting scientific evidence for an effect of this MF on this KER. Give a list of references.  More help

Not yet evaluated.

Response-response Relationship
Provides sources of data that define the response-response relationships between the KEs.  More help

Not yet evaluated.

Time-scale
Information regarding the approximate time-scale of the changes in KEdownstream relative to changes in KEupstream (i.e., do effects on KEdownstream lag those on KEupstream by seconds, minutes, hours, or days?). More help

Not yet evaluated.

Known Feedforward/Feedback loops influencing this KER
Define whether there are known positive or negative feedback mechanisms involved and what is understood about their time-course and homeostatic limits. More help

Not yet evaluated.

Domain of Applicability

A free-text section of the KER description that the developers can use to explain their rationale for the taxonomic, life stage, or sex applicability structured terms. More help
  • The EGF and CFC regions of the protein are highly conserved cross species and provide similar function. However there is fuctional differentiation in mammals compared to that of other species (Ravisankar et al., 2011). 
  • Fin regeneration has been observed in many species including the qingbo (Spinibarbus sinensis), the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) the goldfish (Carassius auratus; Fu et al., 2013), zebrafish (Danio rerio; Sengupta et al., 2012) and fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), allowing the inferral of fin regeneration being universal to all ray-finned fish (teleost).

References

List of the literature that was cited for this KER description. More help

Fu C, Cao ZD, Fu SJ. 2013. The effects of caudal fin loss and regeneration on the swimming performance of three cyprinid fish species with different swimming capacities. The Journal of Experimental Biology 216:3164-3174. doi:10.1242/jeb.084244

Garland MA, Sengupta S, Mathew LK, Truong L, Jong ED, Piersma AH, Du JL, Tanguay RL. 2019. Glucocorticoid receptor-dependent induction of cripto-1 (one-eyed pinhead) inhibits zebrafish caudal fin regeneration. Toxicology Reports 6:529-537.

Ravisankar V, Signh TP, Manoj N. 2011. Molecular evolution of the EGF-CFC protein family. Gene, 428:43-50. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2011.05.007

Sengupta S, Bisson WH, Mathew LK, Kolluri SK, Tanguay RL. 2012. Alternative glucocorticoid receptor ligand binding structures influence outcomes in an in vivo tissue regeneration model. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part C 156:121-129.

Wehner D, Weidinger G. 2015. Signaling networks organizing regenerative growth of the zebrafish fin. Trends in Genetics 31 (6):336-343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tig.2015.03.012